Origin of Language Essay

Language is a means of communication that is made up of signs, symbols, and sounds or a combination of them. Signs represent something else like aroma and coffee, scent and flower, dark clouds and rain. Symbols are words we use to denote a thing or a being, such as man to mean person, dog to refer to an animal. Sounds are vocal emissions like laughter, sobbing, and groans suggestive of joy, sorrow, and pain. A more complex form of language is its organized system of semantics, syntax and phonetics. Spoken language is exclusive to humans. Language in whatever form continues to draw the interests of linguists, researchers, scientists and academicians, especially in the area of its origin. There are references in the Bible about language and communication. As early as the time of Adam and Eve, there was already some kind of communication and language between God and the both of them. In the temptation of Eve, the serpent communicated with her. There was only one language between Noah and his family. In the Tower of Babel, God was displeased with the people who refused to obey his command for them to spread out across the earth and so He gave them different languages. In the end they were forced to disperse to all corners of the world. This explains the why each geographic location have their own language. (Harub, 2003). Two contradicting theories on the origin of language are the Theory of Natural Selection and the Exaptation Theory. The Exaptation Theory simply put is when a body part is used for another purpose other than for which it was originally intended. An example of this theory is the feathers of a bird which is basically used to cover its body but later is made to glide and trap insects with. The brain processes from its cognitive structures were used by pre-historic ancestors to hunt and gather food. Language depends on cognitive processes and could have been possibly exapted in much the same way as the feathers. The Natural Selection Theory on the other hand provides that our language skills may have been from the brain structures that our ancestors may have possessed in their time. Brains have two neural pathways used for language and cognition. Humans use the ventral stream or pathway for linguistics. While both humans and non-humans, such as the chimps, possess the same neural makeup it is only the humans who have language. Cromm, 2003). Another theory of origin of language is the Theory of a Proto-Language. There are several stages in this theory: (1) the gesture-prior to-sound stage where body language is combined with sound. An example would be the index finger pressed on the lips with a hush sound, is a request to be quiet. (2) words-prior to-sentence stage where single words are connected with others to form a sentence and convey a thought or idea. I / have / three / red / apples are five separate words that connect to form a sentence and convey the thought about possessing three red fruits. 3) phrases-prior to-words stage is where a phrase with a single idea and each word is taken apart individually. An example is: a high and majestic mountain. Individual words are – high / majestic / mountain. The Proto-Language is original, distinct and has no precedent language. (AMNH, 2008). Different linguists each had their own theories. Jean Aitchison, author of â€Å"The Seeds of Speech† believed that physiologically, the human brain which had grown bigger in size than his primate ancestors’, made man capable of developing speech and language. John McCrone who supported the Evolution Theory of Language, was of the opinion that man was able to speak because they descended from the apes who themselves were able to speak when they found enough food to feed their enormous brains. Michael Corballis in his book â€Å"From Hand to Mouth: The Origin of Landscape† theorized that it was a gradual development for language, beginning with gesturing from the apes. With the bipedal hominids language evolved to a more complex body movement. Syntax and melodic sounds were the later developments with the emergence of the larger-brained homos. With the homo sapiens it was a combination of gestures and vocals, the gestures as enhancement and not as foundation. Carl Zimmer, another evolutionist, emphasized that the timeline of the origin and development of language can not be specifically traced because human skeletons leave very few significant clues. Many evolutionists maintain that languages today must have originated from only one ancient language characterized by different animal grunts and sounds. The development of language was a natural and not an intentional process. Noam Chromsky the eminent linguist from MIT, explained that different languages that we have now came from a common and universal language and that the human brains has a fixed and exclusive structure for language. (Harub, 2003). There are several other theories on the origin of language: Theory 1, it may have begun with the use of ordinary symbols to refer to significant objects. A scoop of earth refers to the land, a leaf to the tree, a drop of water to the rain. Theory 2, it may have originated from hand and body movements. One’s palm on one’s heart means me or I, pointing at whatever object means that object. Theory 3, it may have come from the imitation of the sounds of nature, like the splash of water, howling of the wind, the bark of the dog, Theory 4, it may have been from the emotive sounds of natural instinct and reaction, like grrr from anger, ahhh for satisfaction or comprehension, hmmm for agreement. Theory 6, it may have been because of the use of sounds to correspond to intended meanings, like long vowel sounds of o for moon and long e for creek, tree, sea. Theory 7, it may have originated from the grunts due to heavy loads, rhythmic monotones of work accompanied by gestures seeking assistance, like hand signals waving towards the one asking help as he makes the repetitive sounds of ugh ugh ugh. Theory 8, it may have been from words that were almost musical, uttered in cooing such as uhuhmm hmmm hummm hmmm, and laughter like hahahaha, hahahaaa. Theory 8, it came from sounds to advise or make known one’s presence as in yahooo, or to cry out for help as in heyyy. Theory 9, it originated from magical chants from religious rituals, similar to the Maori wish of good health (kia ora ra) and welcome (haere mai). Theory 10, it was an invention of some ancestors when they assigned certain sounds to mean certain things, beating of the drums to gather people. (Boeree, 2003). Michael C. Corballis made note of the stages of development of language. The earliest began over 6 million years ago with the apes and their simple body language as their means of communicating. This developed into a more complicated body gestures with the hominids. During this period sounds were used only in extreme cases as in highly emotional cries and distress calls. 5 million years back, a more sophisticated form of hand gestures by the early hominids were used. 2 million years ago, researches found an increase in the brain size of the homos believed to be the reason of the human’s higher development and facility in language. Vocals became permanent in communication and gestures were a good part of grammar. 100,000 years ago, speaking was in its fully developed stage that it became the main means of communication by homo sapiens. Gesturing was still in use but only as an embellishment. In the modern times with telecommunications technology verbal language become routine and common. It is interesting to note that in the advent of modern technology, with the shift from manual signals to spoken language, man is able to use his hands to work and his mind and vocals to communicate. (cited in Science Week, 2004). The search for the origin of language remains to be a continuing quest for scholars. Researches always lead to the theory of evolution. There is no way to know exactly when language began and where language came from. Scientific evidences such as fossils, DNA, comparative studies on animals and ancient languages can only provide clues but not enough traces. For a while, in 1866 the Society of Paris, the prominent academic language institute of the era, had given up in finding out more about language’s origin. It was taken as a retreat from the battle but not for long. To this day, forward thinkers such as the evolutionists are convinced that they must find convincing proof in the upcoming theories that should attempt to answer the query on the origin of language.

Women Role in Christianity and Islam

A Christian Woman is a woman who loves God more than herself. She is a woman who prays for her family, her church, her government and her country. She is a woman who reads God's Word and puts Him first in her life. From the beginning of the early Christian church, starting with Jesus, women were important members of the movement. The examples of the manner of Jesus reveal his attitudes toward women and show repeatedly how he liberated and affirmed women. Both complementarians and egalitarians see Jesus as treating women with compassion, grace and dignity. 2] The gospels of the New Testament, especially Luke, often mention Jesus speaking to or helping women publicly and openly, contrary to the social norms of the time. Jesus had female followers who were his sponsors,[Lu 8:1-3] and he stopped to express concern for the women of Jerusalem on his way to be crucified,[Lu 23:26-31] while Mary Magdalene is recorded to be the first person to have the privilege of seeing Jesus after resurrec tion. [Mk 16:9] The role of women in Christianity today depends almost entirely upon the context in which women find themselves or choose to be involved in. More conservative Bible-believing women will tend their participation in church leadership etc. The modern womens rights movement has had a dramatic impact on the role of women in Christian churches. â€Å"Women in Christianity† is a vast and complex subject with multiple dimensions as Christianity is one of the largest religions in the world practiced in different societies and cultures around the world. When we deal with the subject of â€Å"Women in Christianity† we need to understand that Christianity as that exists today is a mix of different denominations with Catholics and Protestants being the principle denominations. Further it would be prudent to delve into the history of Christianity to understand the role of women in this religion. In early Christianity there was no separate roles prescribed for men and women and women were not distinguished separately from men. This was despite the fact that the society in West Asia at that time was highly patriarchal in nature. Women in Christianity: The early Christian prophets From West Asia, Christianity spread to ancient Greece and Rome which were purely patriarchal societies. In these societies women and children were hought of as assets or possessions held by the head of the family. Men and Women were distinguished separately in this kind of set up and women were generally considered inferior to men. During these times Christians believed that the world will end soon and Christ will come to earth for the second time. There were many women teachers and prophets in Christianity in those days who believed in this proposition and went their way in preachin g this doctrine. Women in Christianity: Wave of change in twentieth century Only in the twentieth century things started changing in Christianity. With the churches loosing much of their clout and power in the twentieth century, with democratic governments firmly established in many countries in Europe as well as in America and with religion getting separated from politics things started to change in a dramatic fashion in Christianity that was never thought about in the last two thousand years of the religion. It all started with the early feminist movements and peaked with the second wave of feminism from the period of 1960s. This period saw a profound change in the status of women in Christianity as a religion. Women's rights came in the forefront. Women in Christianity: Women's liberation movement The period of 1960s and thereafter can be considered as the beginning of the â€Å"women's liberation movement† in history which advocated social, cultural, political and religious equality of the gender. Though the women's liberation movement went full throttle in this period the patriarchal set up did not vanish as such and the concept of sexual dualism still existed. This concept not only viewed the differences between men and women in mere biological terms but it also ranked and applied values to these differences. For instance, men were considered to be more idealistic, spiritual, and psychic than women. On the other hand, women were thought to be more emotional, instinctive, and physical than men. This was a senario of absolute â€Å"gender stereotyping† and it existed from last two thousand years. It was only the women's movement in 1960s that challenged these kind of thinking to some affect. Women in Christianity: The religious right and the liberal feminist theological movement It is quite natural that the Religious Right criticizes feminists, who challenge the superiority of men. They in fact resist everything about the feminist movement. For example they even dislike the liberal welfare policies for women because under such policies, single mothers who need to raise their children and the economically destitute are assisted financially. The Religious Right view such assistance as preventing the establishment of traditional families. They also reject the relativism of human existence and therefore they are intolerant to other views, cultures and religions. They believe in the absolutism and purity of Christian values and tradition. For the religious right â€Å"Patriarchal Christianity† is the central core of all existence. Anything outside this central core has to be resisted and absolutely rejected. The changes that happened in the Christian society in the last two hundred years have also affected other cultures and religions in a profound manner. The feminist movement owes its roots to the Christian society and thanks to it feminism has become a global phenomenon today which advocates gender based equality and ending of all types of discriminations and bias against women. In fact the study of the role of â€Å"women in Christianity† transcends the spectrum of â€Å"religion† and gives us a broad perspective of the struggle of women from the last 200 years for a right to a dignified and meaningful life.

Lady in Her Bath

The Renaissance began in the late 15th century and spanned from Italy to throughout Europe, and it was a rebirth of everything ranging from economy to art. Francois Clouet was a painter to the Kings and his work â€Å"Lady in Her Bath†, embraced this new form of artistic expression. In this paper I am going to explain how the â€Å"Lady in Her Bath† painting reflects the culture and ideology of the Renaissance Era and as well, explain some of the values, influences, themes, and techniques used. I will also provide information about the social, political and religious history of the Renaissance Era that influenced its art and artists. The Lady in her bath was painted in 1571 and is said to be the most interesting painting by Clouet; he is also said to be the first ever artist to use the bath as a setting for a portrait (Answer. com). The painting has all the classical signs of Renaissance art, and is secular in theme and emphasizes the grandeur of the individual. Clouet’s painting shows the culture and ideology of the Era by showing how wealthy the woman was and that she must have come from a wealthy family. It was said at one time that the painting of the woman in this picture was one of the mistresses of Henry II, but that has now been ruled out. She (the woman in the painting) is wearing what looks to be a couple of expensive pieces of jewelry, which in the Renaissance Era, it wasn’t normal for individuals to wear jewelry because most of the people were too poor to buy things that weren’t a necessity to support themselves or their families. Another sign that the woman must be wealthy or from a wealthy family is that she has a fresh bowl of fruit sitting next to her while she is bathing. To the poor, baths were to clean themselves up not for relaxation. Some of the techniques Clouet continued to use were the conventions of the international portrait style which was prevalent throughout the courts of Europe. These techniques were passed down from Clouet’s father, Jean Clouet (Answer. com). Oil painting and water color was also other techniques Clouet used. The term Renaissance is French for â€Å"rebirth†, and it was the rebirth of Europe from the 14th through the early 17th centuries. Europe emerged from the economic stagnation of the Middle Ages and experienced a time of financial growth. This Era turned artistic, social, scientific and political thoughts in new directions. The Renaissance generated three ideas that were frowned upon during the Middle Ages; secularism (the belief that religion has no place in the day to day activities), humanism (the cultural and intellectual movement that emphasized secular concerns as a result of the discovery of literature and art), and individualism (belief in the importance of the individual and the virtues of self reliance and personal independence) (Wikipedia. om). Writers and artists began to focus on the individual and their potential. During the time of the Renaissance Era, people were becoming more aware of Christianity and the Catholic religion was being pushed aside. Religious books were being rewritten and new laws were coming into order as well. The wealthy people were the ones keeping the Catholic religion alive while the poor were the ones converting to Christianity. The â€Å"Lady in her Bath† painting by Clouet is not only a beautiful example of Europe’s rebirth, but of art and the artists during that time; from the new techniques that were being used to the different types of paints from oil to water color. And most significantly, it shows the transition from religious only paintings to more secular paintings that depict just how beautiful the human body is; transforming embarrassment and shame to embracement. References Answer.com. Francois Clouet. Retrieved on 01/16/2013 at: http://www.answers.com/topic/jean-and-fran-ois-clouet French Renaissance. Retrieved on 01/16/2013 at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Renaissance History of the Renaissance, Retrieved on 01/15/2013 at: http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac88 National Gallery of Art: The Collection (2008). Francois Clouet, A lady in her Bath. Retrieved on 01/15/2013 at: http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg41a/gg41a-46112.html

You choose paper topic Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

You choose topic - Research Paper Example reportedly practiced from the western stretch of Africa into the central, eastern and north eastern Africa excluding the Northern Arabic and South African countries. It has been conducted by selective ethnicities, tribes and clans and often associated with Islamic religion, majorly on the grounds of upholding traditions and cultures, for chastity, purification and as a religious obligation. These justifications are based on beliefs and myths of the traditions and religion. Depending on the interventions taken in country levels to fight FGM some have facilitated the decline of the prevalence rate, while others remain dormant or ineffective. To curb the problem, safe shelters for FGM escapees have been established and even funded, while anti-FGM laws and campaigns are broadly in place as government strive to enforce the regulations. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global problem affecting a minority of the female gender and associated with serious health illnesses. Women and young girls (minor) have fallen victims of the prevalent FGM, often embraced in the settings and societies they are brought up. It is a procedure that has seen millions of women suffer, ashamed and even afraid to speak about it. While male circumcision is acceptable and dominant across the continents, female circumcision has in the past attracted divided attention from its supporters and opponents. It’s a widespread problem in Africa and Middle East compared to the western world. However, due to the immigration policies adopted by different industrialized nations, the FGM culture did gradually enter into the western countries, especially since the first black movement from the south into the north. According to WHO, female circumcision is an operation â€Å"involving removal of total or partial external female genitalia or othe r injuries to the female genital organs for non medical reasons† (2008, p.2). The research paper expounds on the study of FGM in Africa With regard to the

Expository writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expository writing - Essay Example The book also challenges our values and the social system which labels people and does precious little to help them to rise above their tragedy of life. The author has sensitively explored the delicate but extremely important issues of drug addiction and prostitution that affect our youngsters today. Set against Australian background, this global issue is successfully exposed through this story. The opening paragraph deliberately, describes in detail the role of each of his television crew so as to maximise the impact of the subject. The empathetic attitude of various crew members adds to the seriousness of the problems that has infiltrated our society. The inclusion of women crew members has provided a sensitivity that has been able to win the confidence and trust of the affected people who have willingly talked about their circumstance that has driven them towards this. The information and the facts of the real life situation have successfully drawn the seedy atmosphere that can be found within our well organized society. The author has exposed the galleries in the busy market place that provide safe way of taking the heroin or drug or even facilitating prostitution for the addicts. The rooms behind and above the shops of the market seem to serve the dual purpose of safe haven for addicts while at the same time sex provides a quick way of earning more money for the drug. The irony of the situation is that though the gallery owner denies providing the drugs, he accepts providing the needles (for injection) and a place where they can safely take it at a price! The price goes up if the prostitution or sex is involved. The simple words used by the author to describe the scene where girls and boys come just for this purpose and then leave the place normally, jolts the reader with much more impact. ‘The rest of Australia might be shocked by what went on

Advantages and disadvantages of internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Advantages and disadvantages of internet - Essay Example The pornographic sites are likely to make certain they are the primary sites to be listed inside any search zone; hence, children encounter such sites effortlessly. Regardless of all of the horrible disadvantages of the Net, there seems to be numerous advantages as well. Actually, the advantages even prevail over the disadvantages. The most frequent thing the Internet is employed for is research. Kids as well as students are amongst the top individuals who make use of the Internet for research. Nowadays, it is almost necessary that students apply the Internet for their research. Entertainment happens to be another popular motive why many kids surf in to the Internet. Now we are able to communicate in a few seconds with a person who happens to be sitting or even working in the other section of the world. There are numerous messenger services which are being offered. With the assistance of such services, it appears to become very simple to create a sort of worldwide friendship where yo u could share your feelings, can discover other cultures of diverse ethnicity. The primary objective of internet has constantly been the communication section. And the internet has stood out beyond the expectations of countless people. Still improvements are going on towards constructing it even faster and more dependable. By the initiation of computer’s Internet, our world has trimmed down and has achieved the form of a universal village. Downloading on line or video games, going into chat rooms, or merely surfing the Web are a few of the uses people have revealed. Information is perhaps the biggest improvement internet has donated. The Internet is an effective treasure trunk of information. Any type of information on whichever topic is very much available on the Internet. You could almost get any variety of data on roughly any kind of issues that you are seeking. In order to keep children protected, parents

Economic Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic Journal - Essay Example Another effect is that consumers would tend to consume less today and wait until the prices still lower in the future. People will think that if prices are low to day, it will still decrease further in the future. Inflation is indeed harmful to the economy especially when it is paired with unemployment. However, deflation can also be detrimental to the economy. Lower prices tend to make buyers postpone their shopping thinking that prices would still lower in the future. Although it may seem that this is not a bad thing, it can affect the demand and supply of commodities in the economy. Since the consumers don't want to spend, commodities will be oversupplied and supply will swamp demand. According to Paul Krugman, "deflation discourages borrowing and spending, the very things the depressed economy needs to get going." ("What is deflation, what are the risks of deflation, and how can the Fed combat deflation")Since people do not want to spend their money, there is a tendency for firms to incur losses. This will in turn affect the employees of the company and there is a tendency for wages to drop and increase unemployment rate. Also, since deflation makes it difficult for firms to repay their debts, bankruptcy is most likely to occur and jobs will be lost. Yes, lower prices at first might seem to be pro-poor or more of an advantage to those who cannot afford some commodities. But in the long run, households and the people in the economy are still the ones who will suffer since they might lose their jobs and can add up to the problem of recession. Author: Justin Fox Title: The Economy Really Is Fundamentally Strong Magazine: TIME Publication date: October 16, 2008 Summary: It is known to everyone that America is experiencing problems with their economy. That is why when presidential candidate John McCain said that the fundamentals of the US economy are strong, many eyebrows were raised and his opponent Barack Obama didn't miss the opportunity to mock his statement. McCain's running mate Sarah Palin defended that McCain was talking about their workforce and the ingenuity of the American people. She was actually right because the American workforce and their being skillful remain to be strong in the midst of economic meltdown. Many economists assert that it is productivity growth that signals the economic well-being of a country. Productivity growth refers to the economic output per hour worked. This productivity growth was actually the reason why America was able to rise during the Industrial revolution despite the stagnation. What really caused the productivity growth during the industrial revolution is the dependence of the US in technology, electricity, combustion engine, and communication. In the mid-1990s, the engine was replaced with computers and the internet. After that, productivity growth continued to fluctuate. High productivity growth does not guarantee a good economy but it makes it more possible to have economic growth. With all these talks about productivity growth, maybe McCain was right that the fundamentals of the American economy are still strong. Analysis: The workforce of a country is

Are social problems socially constructed or biologically determined Essay

Are social problems socially constructed or biologically determined - Essay Example There are a number of social constructs that exist in the times of today and the same have been for our understanding for so long now that they have started to seem pretty much a part and parcel of our very existence. The aspects of femininity and masculinity are something which is easily bracketed under the social constructs heading and this has been case for quite a number of decades now, if not centuries. The related linkages are predominantly the root cause for these social constructs to arise in the first place. Social constructs within the domains of social problems are indeed the entities which have been institutionalized in a social hierarchical system and which have been invented or constructed by a number of different participants which are in essence part of those very systems. These social constructs are remnant of the society or the culture that we are talking about and the same exist because people have followed the related regimes for so long now that it has become a part of their system, their day to day thinking mindset and the impending approach which has come about due to the very same. These social constructs could also be in line with the different traditional rules which are being followed over a period of time and then there are the discussions related with the conventional thinking and analysis hierarchies. The aspect of social constructionism looks to suggest some ways within the understanding module of the social constructions where detection of the same aspects are als o judged and found out. The analysis forms an important ingredient of the very same subject. Social constructs are pretty different from the social realities that exist within a society or a culture since the latter focuses more on the real happenings and not what the whole ideology or the thinking mindset can and cannot be. What this brings to light is the fact that the social constructs look to narrow the basis for the developing

Human Resource Management Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Resource Management - Literature review Example An organization manages its talent through the HR and this is how both HR and talent management are linked. HR has a responsibility of ensuring that the employees work for the achievement of the organizational goals. In order to manage the organizations talent, HR needs to come up with effective employee policies, etc (BRATTON, J., & GOLD, J. 2000; CHEESE, P., THOMAS, R. J., & CRAIG, E. 2008) There are different scholarly studies that discuss about the role of HR in the talent management and the organizational performance. One of the studies discusses about the different phases that occurred during the development of the theory of HR and performance. There are basically five phases that took place during the development of the theory of HR. The beginning phase was when the HR was actually associated with the performance of the company. There was a link made between the HR practices and the strategies of the businesses. The second phase was empiricism, when statistical surveys were us ed to support the development of the theory of HR. The phase was successful in establishing a positive relation between the HR and the organizations performance. ... The study links this theory to the current role of the HR. It also discusses about the challenges faced by the HR theory. The scope of the theory is too narrow. It argues that the workforce motivation and commitment are an important aspect of the increasing sophistication. It states that keeping in mind the respective workforce HR managers need to come up with the best practices to have the most positive outcomes and to have the greatest impact on performance. The study has some loopholes. It does not suggest how the HR managers can come up with good practices. It does not suggest exactly what models and research methods should be used to understand the impact of HR theory on the performance. It also does not suggest ways of talent management to bring out the best out of employees (GUEST.D 2010) Another study was conducted which focused on the Human Resource Management and the Corporate Performance in the UK. The study basically focused on that how human resource management can help the corporations to achieve competitive advantage through its workforce. It shows a clear relationship between the human resource management and performance but the study fails to establish the level of extent to which the HRM results in a higher performance of the corporations. During the course of this study it was found out that greater use of HR practices results in lower labor turnover higher profit contribution per employee but it does not ensure a greater productivity of the employees. There were 366 UK based companies that were studied by the researchers to establish the above results (GUEST.D, MICHIE.J, CONWAY.N & SHEEHAN.M 2003) Talent management is the most important aspect of the HR

Serving High-Tech and Internet Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Serving High-Tech and Internet Companies - Essay Example An analysis of case data will follow as will a section on alternatives. The final section will conclude with recommendations and a summation of the information studied in this concise brief. Furthermore, we will conclude with answers to the questions found in the â€Å"CHECK IT OUT† and â€Å"A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE† articles. We now turn to a brief introduction to the Forrester Research Company.   In today’s competitive high-tech world, Forrester Research (www.forrester.com)has staked out a claim for itself as a leader in market research provision and market data analysis. With offices in places as diverse as Australia and Dubai, Israel and South Africa, Forrester Research is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Accordingly, this company has more than 1,800 clients around the world in the fields of marketing and informational technology, Forrester Research is presently traded on the US stock market (Nasdaq: FORR) and is a company which has exhibited tremendous potential and incredible growth in a short span of time. Forrester Research promotes what it calls the â€Å"Forrester Difference† and aims to be on the cusp of industry change. Thus, the solutions provided by Forrester are targeted toward marketing executives, strategic planners, and IT professionals to be at the forefront of technological change.   The major issues facing Forrester Research today include continued competitiveness in a changing market and the ability of this company to maintain its significance in the provision of market research to information technology companies. Can Forrester compete with the recent plethora of online survey companies which provide cash and a whole host of other incentives to get respondents? Does Forrester Research have an organizational strategy for revitalization?

Seated buddha in meditation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Seated buddha in meditation - Essay Example Currently, Buddhism is widespread in India, China, Korea, and Japan. The sculptures of Buddha describe the various positions and activities practiced in Buddhism during worship. These positions include meditation, praying and activities such as offering sacrifices and protection. Buddha seated in meditation, is one of the Indian gods created by the Sri Lankan artists. It is one of the art products of the sixteenth-century. The figure sits on a lotus-vine pedestal, deep in meditation. The body contains several lakshana, numerous auspicious marks that are a sign of his Buddhahood. The sculpture has thirty two conspicuous marks referred to as mahapurusalakshana. There are also eighty lesser marks such as the forehead mark (urna) and the flame protuberance (ushnisha). Other marks in the meditating Buddha are contained in the extended earlobes, locks of hair and the lotus marks on the hands and feet. The sculpture has a height of 48.7 centimeters, width of 36 centimeters, and a diameter of 20 centimeters. The figure is displayed in a glass case placed directly on the museum floor. The front end of the case contains transparent glass that gives a clear view of the sculpture. The sides of the case are made of brownish concrete for protecting the sculpture. The inte rior of the case is white in color, which creates a high contrast with the copper sculpture. Buddha started Buddhism, a religion practiced in India, Sri Lanka, and other parts of Asia. The work is made for the Buddhist followers where meditation is the seventh step in the eight fold path. The eight fold path contains the teachings that guide Buddhists through their faith in order to experience peace in this world and the afterlife. The sculpture is seated in a lotus position, which is the recommended position during meditation. The meditating Buddha is seated in a lotus position with the feet resting on the opposite thigh. The hands are loosely placed

Typhoons Case Essay Example for Free

Typhoons Case Essay Being raised in a country where typhoons are frequent has helped me a lot. It made me the type of person who is always on his guard and very vigilant. Typhoons strike our country practically every month and it could last for days. On the first few signs of a typhoon coming, my instincts become to protect my family, all our belongings, and myself. And that feat is not very easy when you come face to face with a rather catastrophic natural disaster. Typhoons have also made me a quick-thinker. Typhoons would require you to think on the spur of the moment as lives can either be saved or lost. Everything you have worked for can be gone in an instant. Saving others in times of typhoons is critical. There has been an instance that the typhoon became so strong and it blew our neighbor’s roof away. I was faced with a scenario wherein I can help them by asking them to come into my house and stay there until after the storm subsides, but I can endanger myself in that process. Or I can just protect myself and wait for them come to my door. This simple instance has helped realize that typhoons could bring out the best and the worst in a person. And I did go out and helped. Typhoons are a natural calamity. If you look at it on one side, it is nothing but an inconvenience to our lives and our livelihood. But if you look at it harder, it is some sort of a test a test of will and strength. Only a person who has come so near to a life-shattering event can view life differently. He will not be careless or irresponsible. Typhoons are strong forces. No man can make it or will it to go away. The only weapon you have against it is your strong will and determination that after it has passed by, the sun will surely shine once more.

Louis Vuitton Expansion Strategy

Louis Vuitton Expansion Strategy Operating in 59 countries, Louis Vuitton is the largest global luxury brand in the world. It is a member of the Louis Vuitton Moà «t Hennessy Group and the main business unit of the conglomerate s fashion and leather goods segment. Louis Vuitton has been very successful in selling its famous handbags, shoes, suitcases and other luxury goods and generated revenues of about $ 4 billion in 2004. Louis Vuitton opened the first store in India in 2003 and one year later the second one in Mumbai, both located in luxury hotels. 2. Problem Statement One main goal for Louis Vuitton is to acquire a customer base of one million Indians by 2010. In order to achieve that it is not only important to serve high-net-worth consumers, but it is also crucial to target the so called cocooners. It is therefore a necessary objective to make the new elite aware of the brand and increase their perception of Louis Vuittons exclusivity. Furthermore, super rich are only willing to pay premium prices for those luxury products which clearly distinguish them from lower tiers of the population. In order to reach these the company can choose among three distinct strategies. 3. Alternatives 3.1. Louis Vuitton in Bollywood In this alternative, Louis Vuitton would have Indian movie actors endorsing its products and a product placement in Bollywood movies. The target segment would not only be the Indian super rich society who is already familiar with the brand, but as well the so called cocooners. Since the Bollywood movies are very popular in India, this strategy would result in general brand awareness in the society. For the celebrity endorsement LV could chose Aishwarya Rai and Shahrukh Khan to be the face of Louis Vuitton India. The campaign would comprise posters, billboards and TV commercials with both actors advertising LV products (Exhibit 1). Since Bollywood actors are perceived as role models and have a great influence in Indian society, it is expected that brand awareness will increase while reinforcing the image of Louis Vuitton as a luxury and lifestyle brand. In addition, Louis Vuitton will have its products placed in Indian movies, which depict wealthy and influential characters. This would include as well the characters shopping at the LV store in the new Emporio luxury mall in order to advertise the store itself. Another positive effect would be increasing LVs market share in the long run. Advertising through Bollywood could help develop the taste of luxury and lifestyle in the so called cocooner segment. 3.2. LV Exclusive Another alternative Louis Vuitton could approach would be to offer a special club card with mould-breaking exclusivity. This special club card would be divided into 3 different levels, the LV Exclusive Silver Card (Exhibit 2), LV Exclusive Gold Card (Exhibit 3) and LV Exclusive Platinum Card (Exhibit 4), based on the amount of money the customer spent. The LV Exclusive Club Card provides the customer with exclusive, high-end services and luxury rewards. After the first purchase of a Louis Vuitton item in one of its Indian stores, customers will receive a basic customer card in order to keep track of the sum of money they spent. The targeted segment for this strategy would be the super rich, who seek exclusivity and are already familiar with the brand. This strategy would certainly increase the brand loyalty of the high-class society because of the unique offers provided by the LV Exclusive Club Card. Additionally, Louis Vuitton will be able to track customer buying patterns and obtain key information about buying behavior through this special club card, which allows them to tailor their products to their customers needs. 3.3. Successful Indian Women Another alternative for the company could be that it focuses on a certain segment in particular the women, who represent a vital part of LV s customers. They are becoming more emancipated and as a powerful group have to be taken into consideration. Indian women need a role model to inspire them, so if Louis Vuitton shows them a successful woman wearing one of its products, the outcome would be inspired women, desiring to possess a LV item. Using such an approach they will target not only a segment consisting of individuals divided by their net income, but strong women that need to give utterance to their achievements. In order to increase the brand awareness among this certain segment, the company should invest in advertising its products. The best place would be an elite specified magazine, dealing with business and social issues, for example India Today, Entrepreneurs, The Business Enterprise and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾ Reading Hour . The emphasis should be laid on the one side on a picture of a well-known woman like Indira Nooyi (Exhibit 5), CFO and president of PepsiCo, depicting a typical role model. She will represent the thousands of women in the Indian society who have silently overcome the limitations and stood out for better terms. Billboards and ads in online issues of established feminine magazines would support the idea of women power and that in a world ruled by men, women still can be successful and exclusive. As a result, this strategy will help Louis Vuitton to increase brand awareness among all the Indian women and extend its customer database. 4. Issues 4.1. To what extent will Louis Vuittons marketing activities affect customer awareness in India? Louis Vuitton s targeted Indian customer segment requires a different strategy then the ones used by the company throughout the world. The three proposed alternatives provide different approaches as to how Louis Vuitton can service its new generation of customers. Louis Vuitton in Bollywood targets both high-net-worth individuals and the rising cocooners because of the popularity of the Bollywood industry in India. This strategy, however, implies high advertising resources in order to be able to reach the desired segment through product placement and celebrity endorsement. The LV Exclusive club card targets mainly the high net-worth individuals by offering high-end services which increase the shopping-experiences of the customers. While the number of high-net-worth individuals increases by 19.3% a year, according to the World Wealth Report, it is questionable if this customer segment only will be sufficient for Louis Vuitton to reach the target of a one-million customer base by 2010. The third alternative is about targeting successful women. Concentrating on this segment would target both women from the high-net-worth individuals and the cocooners segment. The main disadvantage is to define how many Indian women are ready to break the cultura l boundaries of the paternalistic family structures that still rule in this country. What is the impact of of Louis Vuittons marketing activities on their brand image in India? According to the purchasing behavior of India s high class, consumers are expecting a brand that stands for exclusivity and provides the owner of a Louis Vuitton product with a powerful status symbol. Working closely with the Bollywood industry through product placement and celebrity endorsement will have a high magnitude on increasing customer awareness. While Bollywood celebrities are seen as part of the high class, Louis Vuitton may need to maintain a close look in what movies they will place their products in order to minimize the risk of a brand association with a common product. The LV Exclusive club card system could increase loyalty among already existing customers, offering the brand image a crà ¨me de la crà ¨me status thus underlining the exclusivity of Louis Vuitton items. Last but not least, by tailoring their advertising on women only will associate the brand with a women s product, so Louis Vuitton products for men (i.e. dress shoes, suits, shirts) may suffer. Since India is a collectivist country, women usually buy clothes for the entire family, so the effect of the brand image being associated with a women s brand will be minimal. 4.3. Will LV face a social-status conflict (conflict of interest) by targeting two different customer segments (i.e. HNW individuals and cocooners)? Through the means of LV Exclusive Cards Louis Vuitton is trying to gain loyalty among super rich Indian customers. However, LV must consider the growing product awareness of the cocooners who are not the target group of the Exclusive Cards but will be of fast growing importance as customers. As positive as new customers are in general this also bears the risk of a conflict between the super rich and the cocooners who are much greater in numbers. HNW consumers may start to perceive LV as a rather common brand and switch to different luxury products as cocooners step up the social hierarchy. Furthermore, the second alternative Louis Vuitton in Bollywood could also result in a conflict between those two segments. If the products popularity increases this may have a negative impact on the buying behavior of the HNW consumers. This would go along with the above-mentioned decrease in exclusivity. Finally, women may be an interesting target group as stated in third alternative but conflict s may also occur between the HNW women who may be coming from rich families and the self-made emancipated cocooner woman. These very different types of women will require different endorsing role models which may are perceived negatively by each other group. How long will Louis Vuitton maintain a competitive advantage considering the proposed alternatives? Louis Vuittons advance on the Indian market will not remain unseen by the competition. Other luxury goods producers could benchmark Louis Vuittons approaches. Companies such as Gucci, Prada and Giorgio Armani could easily copy LVs Bollywood strategy as well as the alternative for attracting Indian women. It might be more challenging though to imitate LVs Exclusive Cards approach successfully because Indian high-net-worth costumers will already be loyal to Louis Vuitton in the ideal case and will not be looking for substitutes or additional luxury products in the same segment. 5. Conclusion All in all, while it may require more advertising resources than for example targeting emancipated women via print media, Louis Vuitton in Bollywood proves to reach the highest number of consumers, underlines the brand s exclusivity, and the company will be able to increase its market share in the long run. First, with the Bollywood industry booming in India, Louis Vuitton can reach a wide array of consumers and thus increase the overall customer awareness of Indians. Second, by using celebrity endorsement and selective product placement in movies, the company will be able to clearly communicate a brand image that advocates its exclusivity thus offering its potential customers a means to showcase their success. Last but not least, Louis Vuitton can educate the nouveau riche towards choosing their brand, which will considerably increase their market share in the long run. It is therefore highly recommended that Louis Vuitton in Bollywood is the most appropriate and effective promotion campaign to reach and nurture the emerging new generation of customers in India.

Business Plan For Opening A Family Shopping Complex Marketing Essay

Business Plan For Opening A Family Shopping Complex Marketing Essay INTRODUCTION Retailing is the set of business activities that adds value to the products and services sold to consumers for their personal or family use. A Retailer is the final distribution channel that links manufacturers to consumers. A Retailer performs following functions to create value for its product and services:- Providing an assortment of products and services Breaking bulk Holding inventory Providing service ABOUT THE STATE-UTTAR PRADESH Uttar Pradesh is a state located in the northern part of India, with a population over 190 million people; it is Indias most populous state and worlds most populous sub-national entity. With an area of 93,933 sq.mt ENVIRONMENT We can say that Environment consist of the entire solid, liquid, tangible and intangible thing around us. Environment also consists of areas and components that are strongly influenced by humans or it can be said that there are many factors of Environment that influence the decisions of humans. If we talk about Business Environment than our point of thinking will totally be different from the above mentioned definitions because Business Environment focus on the following matters:- understand the working of the economic system and its relationship with the business sector, analyze the impact of the changing policy regimes on business and anticipate the policy changes that are likely to occur or should occur in view of the national and international developments Environment also consists of SWOT analysis of the organization which represents the different factors that can affect the working conditions and rules and regulations of the organization. SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS:- demographic favor rising disposable income increase in number of people in earner category urbanization shopping convenience low labor cost of skilled ones WEAKNESSES:- Policy related issues: lack of industry status for retail numerous license, permits and registration requirements Limited consumer insight: lack of detailed region specific customer data less data on spending pattern Inadequate human resources: lack of trained personnel at all level stringent employment and industry laws fragment approach to human resources Taxation hurdle: inconsistent octroi and entry tax structure vat and multiple taxation issues large grey market presence OPPORTUNITIES:- Potential for investment Location advantage Sectors with high growth potential Fastest growing formats Rural retail Wholesale trading Falling real estate cost THREATS:- Political issues Social issues Inflation Nostalgia Lack of differentiation among the malls that are coming Poor inventory turns and stock availability measures CULTURE Culture refers to the traditions, norms, ethics and values prevailing in the society. Culture is a very important factor that a retailer should always keep in mind while fulfilling the needs and demands of consumers so that a customer can be fully satisfied from his/her purchase. LOCATION STRATEGY There are three things which are most important in retailing and those are- location, location, and location. Location is typically the prime consideration in a customers store choice decision. For example, when choosing where you are going to have your car washed, you usually pick the location closest to your home or work. Most consumers similarly shop at the supermarkets closest to them. Location decisions have strategic importance because they can be used to develop a sustainable competitive advantage. Location decisions are risky. Typically, when retailers select a location, they either make a substantial investment to buy and develop the real estate or commit to a long-term lease with developers. Location Strategy used by Familys Choice Shopping Complex The location strategy used by Familys Choice is very beneficial to it as the place is near to Taj Mahal, which has an advantage that every year a good number of tourists came to visit Taj Mahal and they can gain a good number of customers for their products. Mostly the tourists are very eager to buy different products at reasonable prices specially when they came only for visit, relaxation and nothing else, so Familys Choice will be best suited to them. This complex also consists of cafà © so people can also enjoy some delicious things during their visit and shopping. VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT A vision is a statement of any business which is short, clear and very inspiring. It represents what a business target and what it wants to achieve in the future. Vision statement is just like an image that a business must have some goals before setting that how it going to achieve all those goals. A Mission is a statement which represents that what is the purpose of the organization? And to create a sense of belongingness among employees so that they can be motivated and perform their duties with more responsibility. A mission statement should be short and clear about the goals and priorities of the organization VISION AND MISSION STATEMENT OF FAMILYS CHOICE SHOPPING COMPLEX VISION To become one of the most strongest leader in the Uttar Pradesh in the family products and services segment MISSION To provide best goods and services with full guarantee Selling products at reasonable prices Provide online shopping facility Offer high quality products at low prices Strive to become the best retailer in the whole India within 5-6 years PRODUCTS AND SERVICES PRODUCTS OFFERED BY FAMILYS CHOICE Household Products like:- Eatables Soaps Bed sheets and pillow covers House cleaning products Utensils Other products:- Toys Goods needed for daily use by men Goods needed for daily use by women Shoes Lingerie and hosiery Perfect seasonal clothes Cosmetics and perfumes Food and drink SERVICES OFFERED BY FAMILYS CHOICE Organizing your assets Reviewing asset allocations and insurance Strategizing your financial, retirement, tax, and estate plans Offering a plan to simplify, consolidate, and integrate every aspect of your financial future. MARKETING PLAN A Marketing Plan is a written document that details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives. It can be for a product or service, a brand, or a product line. A marketing plan covers between one and five years. A marketing plan may be the part of an overall business plan. If u wants that your marketing plan should be strong than your marketing strategy should also be a strong one. A Retail Market Strategy consists of following points:- The Retailers target market The format the Retailer plans to use to satisfy the target markets needs The basis upon which the retailer plans to build a sustainable competitive advantage For the growth of my Familys Choice in future, I will focus on the following strategies:- MARKET PENETRATION:- A market penetration growth opportunity involves realizing growth by directing efforts toward existing customers using the retailers present retail format. And in my Familys Choice shopping complex, to meet this Market Penetration strategy, I will try to fully satisfy the existing needs of the customers by providing them goods and services of their choice and I will also go for charging reasonable prices so that more customers can be attracted towards Familys Choice. MARKET EXPANSION:- A Market Expansion Growth Opportunity involves using the existing retail format in new market segments. Familys choice is going to mainly target the household material for the ease of housewives and in order to expand its market, it will also provide goods required by kids and also the things which are commonly used by the men so that they can also buy some goods of their choice while coming with their wives for shopping. FORMAT DEVELOPMENT:- A retail format growth opportunity is an opportunity in which a retailer develops a new retail format-a format with different retail mix-for the same target market. In order to develop its format Familys Choice will also go for selling its products online and decided to create a website- www.familychoice.com so that people can get the products of their choice by sitting at home and to order the products on internet there would be free home delivery. DIVERSIFICATION:- A diversification growth opportunity is an opportunity in which a retailer introduces a new retail format directed towards a market segment thats not currently served by the retailer. In order to diversify the existing business of Familys Choice is planning to open its one more complex in any other state after it will successfully accepted by the people of Uttar Pradesh. MARKETING MIX Marketing Mix consists of the four components or FOUR Ps. PRODUCT:- A tangible object or an intangible service that is produced or manufactured on a large scale with a specific volume of units. PRICE:- A price is the amount that a customer is supposed to pay for a product. PLACE:- Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as a distribution channel. PROMOTION:- It represents all the communications that a marketer may use in the marketplace. MARKETING MIX OF FAMILYS CHOICE PRODUCT:- Household Equipments like, Utensils, Flowerpots, plastic chairs, buckets, and goods of daily use like, soaps, toothpastes, eatables, harpics, and house cleaning products. For kids Familys Choice is going to offer products like, toys, clothes, protein diets etc. For men it is going to offer goods of their daily requirements PRICE:- Familys Choice is going to sell at reasonable prices and also going to offer discounts on certain products so that more number of people can be attracted and customers also feel more satisfied after paying the amount for their products than any other retail store. PLACE:- The location where Familys Choice is going to open is AGRA (Uttar Pradesh), and the place is near Taj Mahal. This place is selected because Taj Mahal is one of the big hub of people and tourists and it has been analysed that people can enjoy their shopping while they came to visit Taj Mahal and even tourists from outside Uttar Pradesh will also be attracted at this location. PROMOTION:- There are different channels to promote your products and services. Familys Choice is going to promote about its products and services through Newspapers, TV, Radio and Magazines so that more and more people can know about this newly open shopping complex. OPERATIONAL PLAN An Operational Plan is a subset of strategic work plan. It describes short-term ways of achieving goals and explains how, or what portion of, a strategic plan will put into operation during a given operational period, in the case of commercial application, a fiscal year or another budgetary term. An Operational Plan should consist of following things:- Clear objectives Activities to be delivered Quality standards Desired outcomes Staffing and resource equipments Implementation timetables A process of monitoring progress OPERATIONAL PLAN OF FAMILYS CHOICE FOCUS ON THE UTTAR PRADESH:- The first element of our organization is to focus on the Uttar Pradeshs customers, with a mission to provide good quality products at reasonable prices to all. We will provide products of different brands but mainly we focus on our own brands. We will focus on using highly innovative strategies to make our products more competitive and also to maintain direct relationship with suppliers. IMPROVED SEGMENTATION OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS:- Familys Choice will concentrate first on gaining the loyalty of core customers, who prefer good household products at reasonable prices. We will focus on the needs of all those women who are very conscious to collect good and different variety of products at their homes. We have planned to gain the confidence of customers in the quality and fit of its household products. DEVELOP HIGH GROWTH AREA OF HOUSE AND BEAUTY:- The home business is growing strongly, with home furnishings and gifts the fastest growing product areas. We have palnned to mostly focus on both these areas as they offer promising opportunities for development and can be expanded at fast track. ACCELERATE STORE RENEWAL PROGRAMMES:- Firstly Familys Choice shopping complex will entirely focus on this newly opened retail store so that a different and good image can be maintained in the minds of the customers and after 3-4 years of opening we will plan to go for more stores under low cost. We will also try to open our retail stores in other states of the country. IMPROVE THE SUPPLY CHAIN:- After the Familys Choice will successfully established in the market, we will try to see substantial benefits from the reconfiguration of the supply base, so that the primary margins in the household segment can be increased. And our main priority would be to eliminate duplication and increase transparency. We will also try to establish closer working relations with the supply partners. FINANCIAL PLAN A financial plan can be a budget, a plan for spending and saving future income. This plan allocates the future income to various types of expenses, such as rent or utilities, and also reserves some income for short-term and long-term savings. A financial plan can also be an investment plan, which allocates savings to various assets or projects expected to produce future income, such as a new business or product line, shares in the existing business, or real estate. A financial plan can refer to the three primary financial statements (balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement) created within a business plan. OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF FINANCIAL PLAN 1.FINANCIAL:- In financial plan, mostly people discuss about the profit margins of past, present and future but the main consideration is on Return on Investment (ROI). It refers to take a decision that how you are going to invest your money so that you can get maximum returns. 2. SOCIETAL: Societal objectives are related to broader issues about providing benefits to society-making the worlds better place to live. It also include offering people unique merchandise, such as environmental sensitive products, providing an innovative service to improve personal health, such as weight reduction programs, or sponsoring community events. PERSONAL: Every business has their own important personal objectives, including self-gratification, status, and respect. For example, the owner/operator of a book store may find it rewarding to interact with others who like reading and authors that visit the store for book-signing promotions. FINANCIAL PLAN OF FAMILYS CHIOCE SHOPPING COMPLEX Mainly Familys Choice shopping complex will financially focus on building a customer relationship with clients in order to better understand the clients dreams. Familys Choice financial helps you PLAN by simplifying the demands of managing your wealth in order to enable you to devote time to your family, your personal endeavors, and your business. Familys Choice will include the following costs and expenses that are going to incur:- Business registration fees Business licensing and permits Starting inventory Rent deposits Down payments on property Down payments on equipments Utility set up fees Familys Choice is going to incur following operating costs:- Salaries Rent or mortgage payments Telecommunications Raw materials Storage Distribution Promotion Loan payments Office supplies Maintenance BALANCE SHEET OF FAMILYS CHOICE SHOPPING COMPLEX (in crores) Liabilities Amount Assets Amount Called up share capital 716.9 Fixed Assets Share premium A/C 375.6 Land Building 2,735.5 Revaluation Reserve 445.6 Fit out, fixtures, fittings Capital redemption 2.6 and equipments 1,722.9 Profit Loss 3,094.7 Assets in the course of Interests 15.6 construction 522.8 Creditors 2,438 Investments 58.3 Current Assets Stock 1,335 Investments 260.0 Cash at bank 301.1 Cash in hand 154.4 TOTAL 7,089 TOTAL 7,089 INCOME STATEMENT OF FAMILYS CHOICE SHOPPING COMPLEX (in crores) Particulars Amount Revenue 9,062.1 Operating Profits 870.7 Finance Income 50.0 Finance Costs (214.5) Profit on ordinary activities before taxation 706.2 Analysed between:- Before property disposals and exceptional items 604.4 Profit on property disposal 6.4 Exceptional costs (135.9) Exceptional pension credit 231.3 Income tax expense (199.4) Profit for the year 506.8 Attributable to:- Equity shareholders of the company 508.0 Minority interests (1.2) TOTAL 506.8 7Ps ANALYSIS OF FAMILYS CHOICE SHOPPING COMPLEX PRODUCT:- Familys Choice offer a wide range of products which range from apparels, food products, households products, toys and products of daily use of men. We have planned to most of the products of big brands only at reasonable prices. PRICE:- The tag line is ek baar auoge toh aur kahin nahi jaoge. Familys Choice will work on the model of economies of scale and the pricing objective is to get Maximum Market Share and it will use the following techniques:- Value Pricing:- Familys Choice promises consumers the lowest available without coupon clipping, waiting for discount promotions, or comparison shopping. Promotional Pricing:- Family Choice have decided to offer financing at low interest rates. The concept of psychological discounting (Rs.99, Rs. 49 etc.) is used as promotional tool. It will also cater on Special Event Pricing (close to Diwali and Durge Pooja etc.). Differentiated Pricing:- Time Pricing i.e., difference in rate based on peak and non-peak hours or days of shopping is also a pricing technique used in Indian retail, which is aggressively used by Familys Choice Shopping Complex. PLACE: Familys Choice is going to locate in AGRA (Uttar Pradesh) and after some years of establishing will also try to make its presence in the other big cities of India. PROMOTION: Familys Choice has planned to provide many new and innovative cross-sell and up-sell strategies in Indian retail market. The various promotion techniques that Familys Choice is going to use are start with your best savings, buy 1 get 1 free, and your own shopping complex etc. PEOPLE: People are the key assets for any organization. The salient features of the staff of Familys choice are: Well trained staff, the staff that Familys Choice is going to employ is well-suited for modern retail. Well dressed staff improves the overall appearance of store. Employees are motivated to think out-of-the-box. Retail sector is in growth stage, so staff is empowered to take innovative steps. PROCESS: The goods dispatch and purchasing area has certain salient features which include:- Multiple counters with trolleys to carry the items purchased. Proper display/posters of the place like (DAL, SOAP etc.) Also thinking to start with home delivery counters PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: It is going to deal with the final deliverable or the display of the written facts. This includes the system that we are going to follow and also the availabilities. ADVERTISING STARATEGIES OF FAMILYS CHOICE Tag-Line: Familys Choice is going to use its tag-line as the key components of advertising. The tag-lines are going to be modified according to the demographic profile of customers. These catch phrases appeared on hoardings and newspapers in every city to make the people more aware about it. The catch line includes- ek baar auoge toh kahin nahi jaoge. Print Ads: Familys Choice newspaper advertisements are present just before launch of any new scheme. This creates a different image about big the Familys Choice in the minds of the people. TV Ads: Familys Choice spends alots of money in brand building exercise. Familys Choice commercials are shown on various channels in India. Road-side Advertisements: Familys Choice bill-boards are displayed on prime locations in various cities as a brand building exercise. Radio Ads: This technique is used in different cities. Now-a-days it is replaced by advertisements on FM channels. This informs customers about all the new happenings at Familys Choice. Brand Endorsement by Celebrity: Familys Choice will always be associated with celebrities for advertising and marketing of its brand name. STORE FORMATS OF FAMILYS CHOICE CORE STORES: Familys Choice core stores typically feature a selection of the companys household ranges and a Familys Choice Food hall. The range of products sold and the space given to it depends on the stores location and customer demographic. Most core store feature a food hall. Familys Choice also planned to sell a limited range of other brands, such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi, without reducing the number of Familys Choice goods they sold. HOSPITALITY: In the coming years when Familys Choice will expand its business, the stores will also feature some part of hospitality offering, usually in the form of Familys Choice cafà ©. The cafà © offering typically include coffees and teas, pastries, toasted sandwiches, soups and cakes. The company will also try to open Espresso Bar in some stores, which specialized in drinks only. HOME STORES: Already Familys Choice will mainly focus on the household products but we have also planned new dedicated stores for home furnishings to be launched soon. OUTLET STORES: Familys Choice has a strong idea about outlet stores and their growth expansion plans for the future. The outlet division decided to offer at least 30% discount from their original prices on their own products.

Creative Story: State Highway :: essays research papers

Creative Story: State Highway It was a blistering hot July afternoon, with all the windows up and the air conditioning on maximum, the young boy questioned again why he was going to take college level courses when he had only recently finished his junior year in high school. He felt like it was a million degrees inside the red minivan. As he traveled in a South direction alone Arkansas State Highway 55, with the rhythmic beet of the tires on the road, he felt as thought he could feel each bump to its fullest, they were like waves on an ocean and symbolized everything he had over come and accomplished to make this journey. He not only over came his own self doubts about whether he can make it, but many who believed that he could not be successful in an environment with so many distractions. As he sat in the back of the minivan fears over the future began to surface in his head. "Will I make friends?" "Will I be comfortable so many miles away from home?" As these thoughts raced through his mind he felt alone and a cold shiver was sent through his body. He was no afraid and cold in the hot summer air. He knew consciously and logically that he was not alone. For his mother and grandmother sat next to him in the minivan and would do whatever they could to help him. But yet he realized something had changed. They were there but would some be gone and that he must draw strength, self-confidence, and a sense of security from within himself and not rely on the people around him to fulfill these feelings because they could not provide this for him. He must venture into the unknown, alone and could only receive a limited type of security and support from home. Regardless of which way the journey took him he could always count on them being there in case he fell or got lost during his month away. As the red minivan crossed the state line passing from Arkansas into the mighty sate of Mississippi. The first image he saw was an eight foot by twelve foot flag of the state. He knew so little about their customs, beliefs and rituals. It was as if he were entering into a foreign country. As they drove up the main entrance he could see through the trees in the "Grove" the bright afternoon sun reflecting off the columns of the "Ole Miss" Lyceum. As his family helped him unload what seemed to not be enough possessions he checked into the Creative Story: State Highway :: essays research papers Creative Story: State Highway It was a blistering hot July afternoon, with all the windows up and the air conditioning on maximum, the young boy questioned again why he was going to take college level courses when he had only recently finished his junior year in high school. He felt like it was a million degrees inside the red minivan. As he traveled in a South direction alone Arkansas State Highway 55, with the rhythmic beet of the tires on the road, he felt as thought he could feel each bump to its fullest, they were like waves on an ocean and symbolized everything he had over come and accomplished to make this journey. He not only over came his own self doubts about whether he can make it, but many who believed that he could not be successful in an environment with so many distractions. As he sat in the back of the minivan fears over the future began to surface in his head. "Will I make friends?" "Will I be comfortable so many miles away from home?" As these thoughts raced through his mind he felt alone and a cold shiver was sent through his body. He was no afraid and cold in the hot summer air. He knew consciously and logically that he was not alone. For his mother and grandmother sat next to him in the minivan and would do whatever they could to help him. But yet he realized something had changed. They were there but would some be gone and that he must draw strength, self-confidence, and a sense of security from within himself and not rely on the people around him to fulfill these feelings because they could not provide this for him. He must venture into the unknown, alone and could only receive a limited type of security and support from home. Regardless of which way the journey took him he could always count on them being there in case he fell or got lost during his month away. As the red minivan crossed the state line passing from Arkansas into the mighty sate of Mississippi. The first image he saw was an eight foot by twelve foot flag of the state. He knew so little about their customs, beliefs and rituals. It was as if he were entering into a foreign country. As they drove up the main entrance he could see through the trees in the "Grove" the bright afternoon sun reflecting off the columns of the "Ole Miss" Lyceum. As his family helped him unload what seemed to not be enough possessions he checked into the

The Northern Lights Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Northern lights are poetry, they are nature's light show, and they are quantum leaps in the oxygen atom. They are elementary particle physics, superstition, mythology and fairy tales. The northern lights have filled people with wonder and inspired artists; they have frightened people to think that the end is at hand. More exact explanations of the phenomenon could not be given until modern particle physics were developed, and knowledge about details in the earth’s magneto sphere has been based on measurements from satellites. When the northern lights are seen over Tromsà ¸, it happens in a set pattern, although this pattern varies considerably. The outburst starts with a phosphorocent glow over the horizon in northwest. The glow dies out and comes back, and then an arch is lit. It drifts up over in the sky. And new arches are lit and follow the first one. Small waves and curls move along the arches. Then within a few minutes a dramatic change is seen in the sky. A hailstorm of particles hit the upper atmosphere in what is called an aurora sub-storm. Rays of light shoot down from space, forming draperies, which spread, all over the sky. And they really remind us of draperies or curtains, which are flickering in the wind. And you can see a violet and a red trimming at the lower and upper ends. Or the colors are mixed all together, woven into each other. The curtains are disappearing and forming all over again by new rays of light shooting down from space. Above our head we cans see rays going out in all directions forming what is called an aurora corona. After 10 to 20 minutes the storm is over and the activity decreases. The bands are spread out, disintegrating in a diffuse light all over the sky. We can not see individual pockets of light, but the total effect is bright enough to enable us to make out details of the countryside around us. If we look very carefully, we can see the remains of the northern lights display as faint, pulsating flames. Clouds of light which is turned on and off regularly every 5 - 10 seconds as though by an electric light-switch. The natures own gigantic light show is over. What causes the northern lights? To answer this, we start with the sun whose energy production is far from even and fluctuates on an 11-year cycle. Maximum production coincides with high sunspot activity when processes on the sun's surface throw particles ... ...ll over the sky. 7) Bands of northern lights one above the other, raising towards the zenith indicates that the sub storm is starting. 8) Rays of light shoot down from space tells about higher activity. 9) Draperies are formed with waves at the lower end. 10) Curls and waves wave along the draperies. 11) The draperies look as if they are flickering in the wind. Maximum activities close. 12) The interaction between the moving charged particles and the earth’s magnetic field creates a charging magnetic field. The particles stream down along the magnetic field lines. 13) Rays and draperies can die out in one place of the sky, and form at another. 14) During the maximum of a sub storm, the whole sky can be full of light. 15) An all-sky (fish eye) picture showing that the draperies are stretched from east to west, through zenith. 16) When the activity reaches Zenith, by an optical illusion, it seems like the rays stretch out in all directions above our heads. This form of the northern lights is called aurora corona. Works Cited http://www.uit.no/npt/nordlyset/nordlysbilder.en.html http://www.uit.no/npt/nordlyset/ Way North Magazine, publication by Tromsà ¸ Museum.

Setting Of The Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

The settings and backdrops in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, are essential elements to the formation of the characters, symbolic imagery and the overall plot development. Fitzgerald uses East and West Egg communities to portray two separate worlds and two classes of people that are technically the same their status, but fundamentally different in their ideals. The physical geography of the settings is representative of the distance between classes of the East and West Eggers. Every setting connotes a different tone and enhances the imagery of story line. From the wealthy class of the "eggs", the desolate "valley of ashes", to the chaos of Manhattan. The imagery provided by Fitzgerald becomes an important tool in establishing the characters and their story. The separation between the east and the west shows the division between the people who are from each side. Generally, the West Coast represents a more laissez-faire attitude and is seen as the "new" land or world. Many people have dreamt of "going west" in search of a new life or vast treasures in the "wild" lands. Fitzgerald associates these qualities of the West with the characters Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby, who live on the West Egg. On the other side of the spectrum lie Tom Buchanan, Daisy, and Jordan Baker. These characters are associated with a stereotypical East Coast mindset which is more strict, traditional and ancestrally based, as opposed to the "new" and "wild" West. They resent anything that is unfamiliar to them such as the West Eggers with "new money" and no traditions. The distance and mindset of the East and West are symbolically integrated into the East Egg and West Egg which are representative of the soc ial class of which the characters come from. The physical settings establish the identities of the characters through their wealth and houses. The West Eggers represent the social class of the nouveau riche, people who have made fortunes recently in their generation instead of having inherited wealth. The East Eggers have had money in their blood for many generations and have an established presence in their community. The houses of both classes are evidence to this fact. Gatsby's mansion is designed in an newer European style unlike the Buchanan's more colonial style house and is decorated with... ...nt stage. The Great Gatsby starts out in the springtime, a time of new growth and beginning. The story takes place until the end of summer and beginning of autumn. As spring and summer pass by, steady improvements, it seems, are occurring in Nick and Gatsby's relationship. Gatsby's death is synonymous to the death in autumn. Falling leaves and dying shrubbery coincide with Gatsby's own death. The progression of the story is parallel to the changing of the seasons. The reflection of the tale can be seen through the weather and changing seasons. Fitzgerald uses the setting and seasonal change to create the progression of the characters, symbolism and the plot. The backdrops create the framework that the characters live in and interact. The setting of the story creates all the contrast between East and West, "new money" and "old money" and the social classes. Not only do the physical representations of these differences separate the characters and create their character, but also a more representative division is shown. By using symbolism embedded with actual display of its imagery, Fitzgerald is able to capture both, a symbolic essence and tangents of reality.

Management Informational System

Answer Review questions 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 18, & 22 in your own words. First, write the questions, and then answer with proper explanation. 1. Define the term database. How is it different from a database management system? Database is simply a collection of data. A database helps and provides managers and decision making people with timely and relevant information that leads the company to organizational success. A database management system is totally different than regular database. A (DBMS) is a group of programs that manipulates the database. . What is the hierarchy of data in a database? The hierarchy of data in a database is bits, records, files, database, fields, and characters. 3. What is the purpose of a primary key? How is it useful in controlling data redundancy? The purpose of a primary key is identifying records and make sure they can be accessed and organized. It makes sure that each record in a file is unique; therefore, no two files can have the same informat ion. 4. What are the advantages of the database approach over the traditional approach to database management?Most companies use database approach more over the traditional approach because it allows them the ability to share data and information. It allows them to share a pool of data with multiple different types of information systems. 5. What is data modeling? What is its purpose? Briefly describe three commonly used data models. Data modeling is an approach to modeling organizational objects and associations that employ both text and graphics. To come up with a solution to a problem after the company has gathered and analyzed information. Enterprise data modeling investigate data and information needs of the organization * Entity-relationship diagrams uses graphical symbols to show the organization of and relationship between data * Data model diagram of entities and their relationships 6. What is a database schema, and what is its purpose? A database schema is a description in cluding the logical and physical structure of the data and the relationship among the data. The purpose of database schema is to define the tables and other database associated with a user. 7.What is the difference between a data definition language (DDL) and a data manipulation language (DML)? DDL is a set of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database. DML is a language that allows user to access and modify the data, to make queries, and to generate reports. 8. What is a data warehouse, and how is it different from a traditional database used to support OLTP? A data warehouse holds all of the business information such as the processes, products, and customers of a company.It was designed to help with decision making for management and also stores historical data from operational systems and external sources. Data warehouse is more advanced and complex compared to using a traditional database. 9. What is the relationship betwe en the Internet and database? The Internet transmits data from one computer to another and database is a collection of organized data. 10. What is predictive analysis, and how does it assist businesses in gaining competitive advantage?Predictive analysis is a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events. It helps them find new market segments that could be profitable for their businesses. PART II Fill in the Blanks with appropriate words: 1. A(n) Database Administrator is a skilled and trained IS professional who directs all activities related to an organization’s database, including providing security from intruders. 2. A(n) Character is a basic building block of information, consisting of uppercase letters, lowercase letters, numeric digits, or special symbols. . A(n) Entity is a generalized class of people, places, or things for which data is collected, stored, and maintained. 4. A(n) Primary Key i s a field or set of fields that uniquely identifies the record. 5. A(n) Data Model is a diagram of entities and their relationships. 6. A(n) Relational Model database model that describes data in which all data elements are placed in two-dimensional tables, called relations, which are the logical equivalent of files. 7. A(n) Flat file is a simple database program whose records have no relationship to one another. 8.A(n) Data Definition Language (DDL) is a collection of instructions and commands used to define and describe data and relationships in a specific database. 9. A(n) Data Administrator is responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions that apply across all the databases in an organization. 10. A(n) Data Warehouse is a database that holds business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers. 1. A(n) Data Mart is a subset of a data warehouse. 12. Data Mining is an information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse. 13. Predictive Analysis is a form of data mining that combines historical data with assumptions about future conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as future product sales or the probability that a customer will default on a loan. PART III Case #1 Managing International Trades with Powerful Database Systems Discussions questions 1.What unique challenges do databases that deal with financial markets face? They use the database to fuel business intelligence tools to allow it to process data. The company maintains a data warehouse on which it runs queries. 2. How does Internaxx separate data in its database for annual reports from the data that fuels real-time analytics? Inernaxx data warehouse provides data that gives out the annual reports that are updated frequently. Whereas, the functional databases that feed into the warehouse provides it with the real-time information.Critical thinking questions 1. In what ways does Internaxx use its database to provide the company with a competitive advantage? The Internaxx database fuels both wise investment decision-making for Intenaxx customers and wise business decision-making for Internaxx executives. It uses it database to fuel business intelligence and the company maintains the data in the warehouse. This insight helps to make a competitive advantage. Their database allows consumers to watch the rise and fall stock prices and market conditions. . What unique capabilities must the Internaxx database have in order to support trading in 15 stock exchanges around the world? They must deal with a numerous amount of data and the data collected by Internaxx originates from the many trading operations carried out by its customers. The company needs to make sure they have reliable network connection to make sure the exchanges are ef ficient and happen. Internaxx must have both a e-commerce and m-commerce to accomplish all of these exchanges around the world.

Marketing management assignment Essay

executive SummaryThe culture to eating hot cocoa has truely evolved over the years in capital of capital of capital of Singapore. A beautiful box of nicely close inped hot java was no eternal appealing to Singaporeans, especially those whom argon born(p) after the 1980s and later. People of this whiles go for coffees that not solitary(prenominal)(prenominal) sagacity good barely as well as savor good. Therefore Godiva Gems would bind to evaluate the grocery stores and utilize certain strategies to run their step upperform to certain groups of customers. The outline face was class, Tar brooking and office. Foremost, I would introduce the 4 diverse types of fragmentation of the consumers commercialise in the situation of Godiva gems the demographic segmentation seems to be the knocked come out of the closet(p)perform option to segment the grocery store placeplace.By segmenting the consumers commercialize into coffee tree tell apartrs and non-cho colate lovers, which would be further, break foldepression up the segment of chocolate lovers into small segments finished dissimilariation. Therefore Godiva Chocolate Company allow only concentrate on 2 segments as my repoint. They be the teen seasonrs especially the students and children from the ripen group of 4 to 7. I would excessively include the reasons as to why these segments ar much penetrable in my full stop of view. To add on, Positioning is about decision the best delegacy to convince a consumer that their want could be a need. future(a) I would move on to merchandise mix of Godiva Gems.In product strategies, I would delectation value added method to remove home the bacon to the opposite preference of my takeed audiences, by producing dickens polar sets of Godiva Gems to satisfy two una a care(p) groups of populate. In my correct strategies, I chose to place Godiva Gems nearer to my scar audience to wear them the convenience of vitiateing luxuriousness chocolate in the neighbourhood area. In the damage strategy, I chose to hold the market penetration pricing method to cut stumble competition and deplumate as numerous buyers as possible follow by the several(predicate) pricing for chocolates plying to different organizes. Lastly, in my promotion strategy, I chose the logical rise on Godiva Gems, follow by the reasons which I mobilize thinking(prenominal) approach is the best way to appeal to my target consumers.Chocolate Culture in SingaporeThe chocolate trend in Singapore is slowly changing over the years. In the past, a box of fine chocolates would unagitated bailiwick fine as a gift for occasions. Lately, its no monthlong necessary to buy a beautifully gift-wrapped box of assorted chocolates anyto a greater extent. With the advent of foodie quality, chocolates in recent years have made consumers buying them not only for their taste and also for their designs. For instance, the Godiva chocolates are virtuoso of the many luxurious chocolates approximately, and it has always been the best choice as gifts for special occasions. The Godiva chocolate confederation realized that batch love to share chocolates in familiar. Therefore people go for the mortal wrapped offerings ilk the Lindor Truffle, as they are more extracting. merchandising Strategies SegmentationBy market segmentation, it core that companies divide abundant heterogeneous markets into smaller segments so as to reach out to people in certain segments more efficiently and effectively with products and services that insure their needs. Segmentation goes by 4 different categories they are Geographic Segmentation, demographic Segmentation, Psychographic Segmentation and Behavioral Segmentation.I would use Demographic Segmentation to divide the chocolate market for Godiva Gems. Demographic Segmentation is to divide the market into groups bases of variables, things like race, gender, age, income are some crude factors which are popular which people are normally group. This is because the needs and wants of people are closely related to the demographic variables. In addition, the needs and wants of people may digress due to trend casts and the situations they are in. In the situation of Godiva Gems, I would divide the consumer market into 2 big segments there are the chocolate lovers and the non-chocolate lovers. Assuming there more chocolate lovers than the non-chocolate lovers, therefore further voice of the segment is needed to bring the large segment into smaller segments. merchandise Strategies Targeting and PositioningAfter division and evaluation of the market segments, the next step targeting is very(prenominal) important. This is because a company only has limited keep down of resources therefore has to decide which and how many segments to gage into. Each smaller segment is different and Godiva Chocolate Company needs to work on these differences to best position itself i n the consumers market. Positioning only when authority to find a stand in the heart and mind of every targeted consumer. It is also express as differentiating the competitive utilitys in the smaller segments, by choosing the right advantage that would benefit the company which to build a position in the consumers market. For instance, the teenagers- students segment and the Children segment each has their own bizarre differences between them. Therefore the smaller segments that Godiva Gems would be targeting are the young working boastful couples and the large families with children. Teenagers students SegmentGodiva Gems chose to target on teenagers especially the students between the ages of 13 to 16 h dodderinging an monthly allowance of $ccc to $800, because this group of teenagers generally are extravertive and fun, they gather with friends and get involve with many activities, even though they have minimumpurchasing power, they would consider buying luxuriousness cho colate to eat because of peer influence and tarnish conscious. For instance, when a secondary inform student walks into the school eating prodigality chocolate, early(a) peers may get desirous or jealous and would start to bet for one as well. Therefore Godiva Gems could offer to the needs and wants of this group of teenagers because the chocolates would be people in individual wraps, which fire be carried around easily and share around with friends. Young Children SegmentNext, Godiva Gems could also target on the children at the age of 4 to 6 with parent holding an one-year income of $24000 to $36000. Children in general love candies chocolate would be one of their favorites. Parent would buy chocolates for their children just to make their children happy. Furthermore, children at the age of 4 to 6 share very close bond to their parent. This is where the Godiva Gems could play a part in creating the family bonding and bring joy and happiness to families by simply eating c hocolates together. As Godiva Gems comes in individual wraps, bringing it out on family activities is the best choice. Next I would move on to an new(prenominal) strategy known as the market Mix.Marketing MixMarketing Mix are sets of controllable, tactical market tools that a firm uses to pull in the pleasant of response which they want from their targeted market and it consists of four different strategies and they are the product strategies, the set strategies, the promotion strategies and lastly the promotion strategies harvest-festival StrategiesIn the market, people in general favor products that are highly operational and cheap. In enounce to achieve the results that Godiva Gems wanted, the equality made through observation of other chocolate product obtain by consumers would tell the company where Godiva Chocolate stands in addition it also reveals the competitive advantages of Godiva Gems. fruit strategies work in many ways. For instance, surveys could be given out to the targeted audiences in order to capture their preferences towards chocolate. This way, the firm could analysis the external environment and know what the consumers like best. For example, Children in the age group of 4 to 6 would like their chocolate in different patterns and masks while the students in the age of 13 to 16 might condense more on the taste and brand of the chocolate. Therefore Godiva Gems could work towards the preferences of the targeted market.The preferences of the targeted audience create the value add to Godiva Gems. Godiva Gems would come out with many patterns and colors coated chocolates to turn the children market and different types of chocolate tastes to cater to the students. In addition, a crew of apply sales violence would be value added aspect to marketing a product. This is because people in general buy the goods along with the services therefore people do concern over the manner which they were organism treated and serve. The same sh ould apply to Godiva Gems. In a nut shell, Godiva Gems have to achieve the needs of the targeted market, at the same clock the service standards, which the chocolate is exchange, must also be excellent. Godiva Gems should portray the image of luxury chocolate at an affordable price. federal agency StrategiesPlace strategies are about purpose the right place to distribute your product. Hence, Singapore is a very small market compared to almost all countries in the realism and almost all luxury chocolates could only be found in the places like computer memoryping centers, museums and the National airport of Singapore. No doubt, many people go to places like the orchard road on weekends but the shopping centers are mostly fill up with young adults.My target audiences are students and Children, Student at the age of 13 to 16 would most believably spend their time in the tuition centers and having school course of instruction activities, they may not have the time to go out shopp ing. Furthermore, Children with the age of 4 to 6 are mostly likely to spend their weekends with the grandparents, playing at the playground while the parents go out to do their shopping. To reach out to these groups of people, Godiva Gems has come out with the strategy by walking into the neighbourhood. Godiva Gems orient to set up high-end chocolate shops in the estates to sell affordable luxury chocolate because the targeted audience can now get them around the corner. Godiva Gems could open the first high-end chocolate shop at one of the old estates, like Bedok. These estates have the most caparison flats and neighbourhood schools. Price StrategiesSince the targeted audiences are in the neighbourhood, the pricing of the chocolate must be affordable and not pricey. Firstly, I would use the Market penetration pricing strategy on Godiva Gems. Firstly, Godiva Gems is using a freshly product to enter into a unused market it needs to attract a large number of buyers as readily a s possible. Secondly, Godiva Gems selling at low prices could keep the competition, of other brands of chocolate, out of the market.Therefore, the company could price Godiva Gems that caters to children at the age of 4 to 6 in two different style they can be sold at $30 per gang with 20 pieces of random individual wraps or children can choose among the chocolates from the disgrace shelving, on these lower shelving are each individual wrap chocolate with different design and color at the cost at $1.50. In this manner Godiva Gems are made affordable to parents, of young children, in the neighbourhood. In comparison, Godiva Gems that cater to students would be pack differently from the children pack and could be found at the higher(prenominal) shelving in the shop. The chocolates for the students come in boxes with 20 sticks of individual wrap chocolate at $40. In this way, Godiva Gems is made affordable to the students. promotional material StrategiesPromotion Strategies are tool i n helping the firm to get the heart and soul content across to attract the target audience to purchase the product. As my target audiences are the students and the parents of young children, I think the most suitable would be the rational approach. This is because, the rational approach relates to the audiences self-interest. The best way to attract the students and Children to get to know Godiva Gems is by giving out Samples. On this hand, the possibility of a high-end chocolate shop hardened in the neighbourhood would definitely attract curiosity from the public.At this moment, the sales personnel would welcome the people outside of the shop to sample Godiva Gems. Godiva Gems would succeed when people purchase after they sample because it will spurious the consumers like the taste of the chocolate. On the other hand, promotion strategy also whole caboodle another way. For instance Godiva Gems could do source ceremony sale promotion to attract consumers to buy the products. Th e products can be tract in bundle and sell at different price.ReferencesKaplan Study Guide for Marketing ManagementExtra ReadingsDon Sexton. and Donald cornet (2006) Trump University Marketing 101 how to use the most powerful ideas in marketing to get more customers. new(a) island of Jersey John Wiley & Sons, Inc., HobokenPhilip Kotler. and Gary Armstrong (2009) Principles of Marketing 13 ed. New Jersey Prentice Hall.a