The Mother by Gwendolyn Brooks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Mother by Gwendolyn Brooks - Essay Example The poem provides an insight into what a mother actually experiences after an abortion and the extent of love that a mother has for her children despite the fact that she never gave birth to them. Gwendolyn Brooks marks the theme of the poem in its very first line which states that an abortion for a mother is an experience of her life that she can never get over with. The first stanza deals with the emotions of the mother in which a mother is explaining about the things that she would never be able to do since she does not have children. The women is presenting with motherly activities that she is longing to perform but would never be able to do that. This can be seen in these lines, â€Å"You will never neglect or beat them, or silence or buy with a sweet.† She is clearly presenting that she would not be able to nurture children due to the abortion which includes looking after them, feeding them and being with them all the time. This shows her remorse over her incapability of performing all the activities with a child that is the desire of every mother. In the next stanza she explains that she understands that she has actually stolen away the rights of children who would have been like other beings in this world and performed all the worldly activities. They would have enjoyed this world and would have started their journey of life like other people which begins with being a helpless child till the time that he grows up and gets engaged in a relationship up to the end of his life when he reaches his deathbed. She knows that she has killed a human life which would have actually developed emotions, feelings and sensations if they had been given the chance to do so. But with all regret she tries to provide an explanation that at that point of her life she had no other choice. She justifies herself with these words, â€Å"Believe that even in my

Home School or School House Essay Example for Free

Home School or School House Essay What do George Washington and the Hanson brothers have in common? Do you give up? Well, the answer is that both of them were educated in their homes. Queen Elizabeth, Thomas Edison, and Theodore Roosevelt were also educated at home. According to the Home Education Research Institute, 1. 5 million students are staying home for class today. This number is five times more than ten years ago (Kantrow and Wingert 66). This trend leads to many questions. Does home school education work? Do students receive a proper education? How does a home school students education compare to that of public school student? Does home schooling isolate a child socially? These questions are concerns of parents, educators, and politicians alike. The future of America rests on the academic and social education of our youth, and home school education should be considered as an effective alternative to public school education. In the past, parents mainly chose to educate their children at home because of religious preference. These parents viewed the public school system as a source of negative influence on children. Violence, sex, drugs, and peer pressure were influences these parents sought to avoid. However, today parents have other reasons for home school education, which primarily all point to a lackluster public school system. Other reasons include a desire to build a strong family closeness, safety, and a handful of parents chose home school for their children because of special needs such as disabilities or special talents. However, no matter how good the reasons, the home school education system must prove to be an acceptable alternative to public schools. There are many advantages to giving a student a home school education. First, parents can make direct decisions concerning what their children are taught. According to the Home School Statistics and Reports in 1997, written by founder and President Dr. Brian D. Ray, seventy-one percent of the parents who educate their children hand pick the curriculum from a variety of books, videos, and educational manuals. Another twenty-three percent order entire cirriculum packages (Ray 14). With the technology of today, parents have an unlimited source for information via the Internet, which can be easily integrated in home school education. The study also shows the education level of the parent supervising and administering the curriculum has little or no effect on the  quality of education received by a student. Home-educated students whose parents did not have college degrees scored equally high on tests compared to students whose parents had college degrees(Ray 56). In addition to students own parents teaching them, groups are formed among home school families. These groups allow students to be taught a variety of subjects by different parents that have a better understanding of subjects such as algebra, chemistry, and biology. These groups also take field trips, participate in sports, and do volunteer projects together. Another advantage of home schooling is the quality of education received by the student. How do home school students compare with public school students? This is a very important question to answer, but the answer can never be a concrete one. However all of the research I did shows that students educated in their homes have an equal or higher level of academic skills compared to the public school students. In the 1997 and 1998 ACT test scores, home school students averaged a score of 23; meanwhile the public school students averaged a score of 21(Farris 8). Also, on nationally standardized achievement exams home students again outscored public school students by at least thirty percentile points(Ray 7). While these numbers cant truly reflect the comparison, an equal percentage of students from both groups seek college education(Ray 9). The government on all levels faces problems concerning the public school system. Funding for schools tops the problem list; local school boards and city governments are continuously fighting for tax proposals, meanwhile students in the schools suffer because of poor facilities and low salaries for teachers. The cost for taxpayers to send one student to a public school for one year is approximately $5325, while a home school student costs a parent $546 per year (Ray 11). Could an increase in home schools cut taxes? Could the money allotted for education now be used more effectively if there were fewer students? Maybe or maybe not, but if fewer students were in public schools, the chances of giving the public school student a better educational environment would increase. Many people who oppose home school programs claim interactions with other children at school are vital to their education. However, this argument usually does not work because parents who home school do not want to release their children into the negative influences that infect the public school system. After an interview with Beverly Decateau, a mother who taught her children at home for over seven years; I found that home school students participate in equally as many or more activities than public school students do. Her children and many others she knew of were active in church groups, Four-H groups, sports teams, and dance squads. All of these activities can be considered social interactions. I dont believe the public school system has a responsibility to socialize students; that job belongs to parents. In a public school system, some students can be pinpointed and teased, and these images can damage children for life. Despite the several advantages of the home school system, many people still oppose home schooling. Home school students may not miss interactions with other students, but they will miss the experience. Certain experiences at school are considered an important part of the American way of life. Public school students will never forget experiencing homeroom parties, pep rallies, and finding classes on the first day of high school. Can a home school students experience compare? Probably not, but to what importance these experiences play in the education and socialization skills of a student depends on each individual student. Home school education can cause problems among children and parents. Children who have parents constantly looking over their shoulders may have difficulty breaking away from home to attend college or enter the workplace. Children might also have trouble respecting their own parent as an educator, and this lack of respect may have a negative effect on the students education. In order for home school education to work, the parents must be willing to sacrifice time and patience above and beyond the average parents. The parents must also be willing to give up their own careers for the future of their children. Furthermore, not all children can be successful home school students. The children must be able to make friends in informal settings, and see home school education as a way of exploring different avenues of learning. Not everyone can educate their children at home, but the more students who can receive a solid education at home would improve the education given to students at public schools. Fewer students would lead to smaller classrooms where higher paid teachers could give more attention to public school students. Funds and taxes could be used more effectively because there would be fewer students to accommodate. In the future we should support home school programs and public school education to interact with each other for the benefit of all students. Regardless of where the education of Americas youth takes place, it is vital that parents have a major role in the education of their children in order to build strong families and a strong America. WORKS CITED Decateau, Beverly. Personal interview. 2 NOV 1998. Farris, Micheal. Home Schooling Today. The Washington Times 27 OCT 1998: E8. Kantrowitz, Barbara, and Pat Wingert. Learning At Home: Does It Pass The Test? Newsweek 5 OCT. 1998: 64-70. Ray, Brian D. Home School Statistics and Reports Home School Legal Defense HomePage. Dec 1997 http://www. hsdla. org//.

Thomas Edison Essay -- essays research papers

Thomas Alva Edison is considered one of the greatest inventors in history. He was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847 and died in 1931. During his life he patented 1,093 inventions. Many of these inventions are in use today and changed the world forever. Some of his inventions include telegraphy, phonography, electric lighting and photography. His most famous inventions were the phonograph and the incandescent light bulb. Edison did some of his greatest work at Menlo Park. While experimenting on an underwater cable for the automatic telegraph, he found that the electrical resistance and conductivity of carbon varied accordingly to the pressure it was under. This was a major theoretical discovery, which enabled Edison to invent a "pressure relay" using carbon rather than magnets, which was the usual way to vary and balance electrical currents. In February of 1877 Edison began experiments designed to produce a pressure relay that would amplify and improve the audibility of the telephone, a device that Edison and others had studied but which Alexander Graham Bell was the first to patent, in 1876. By the end of 1877 Edison had developed the carbon-button transmitter that is still used today in telephone speakers and microphones. Many of Thomas Edison’s inventions including the carbon transmitter were in response to demands for new products and improvements. In 1877, he achieved his most unique discovery, the phonograph. During the summer of 1877 Edison was attempting to devise for the automatic telegraph a machine that would transcribe a signals as they were received into a form of the human voice so that they could then be delivered as telegraph messages. Some researchers had theorized that each sound, if it could be graphically recorded, would produce a distinct shape resembling short hand, or phonography, as it was known then. Edison hoped to make this concept real by employing a stylus-tipped carbon transmitter to make impressions on a strip of paraffined paper. To his amazement, the barley visible indentations generated a vague sound when the paper was pulled back beneath the stylus. In December 1877 Edison unveiled the tinfoil phonograph, which replaced the strip of paper wrapped in tinfoil. Many people would not believe what they were hearing including a leading French scientist who declared it to be a trick device of a ventri... ...ed whether something might be done, only how. Edison’s career, the fulfillment of the American dream of rags-to-riches through hard work and intelligence, made him a folk hero to his countrymen. In temperament he was an uninhibited egotist, at once a tyrant to his employees and their most entertaining companion, so that there was never a dull moment with him. He was charismatic and courted publicity, but he had difficulty socializing and neglected his family. His shafts at the expense of the "long-haired" fraternity of theorists sometimes led formally trained scientists to depreciate him as anti-intellectual; yet he employed as his aides, at various times a number of eminent mathematical physicists, such as Nicole Tesla and A.E. Kennelly. The contradictory nature of his forceful personality, as well as such eccentricities as his ability to catnap anywhere, contributed to his legendary status. By the time he was in his middle 30s Edison was said to be the best-known American in the world. When he died he was the venerated and mourned as the man who, more than any other, had laid the basis for the technological and social revolution of the modern electrical world.

Harry Harlow

Compare and contrast research by Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment This essay is looking at the similarities of two researchers into attachment. The aim is to present their work so as to compare and contrast the different approaches and techniques used by both Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth. Even though they both had their different techniques in carrying out their experiments, the conclusion of their findings was very similar and this essay will be showing these findings by contrast.Both psychologists wanted to find out the underlying mechanics of attachment of mothers and their young. Firstly an American psychologist namely Harry Harlow who almost by accident started the most influential work in understanding attachment, fortunately discovered he was unable to carry out his original study regarding intelligence in rats, so he turned to the abilities of monkeys after seeing strange behaviour portrayed by the monkeys as he cleaned their cages. Subsequently he realised the fuss was being made from the extraction of the soft sanitary towels that were used in lining their cages.With this in mind he set out to prove the affection these monkey had for the sanitary towels was in fact â€Å"contact comfort† seeing as all their other needs were catered for and there was only adverse behaviour on the removal of the towels. He used rhesus macaques a medium sized monkey, which shares 94% DNA with humans â€Å"yet one must not be very careful how one interprets this genetic similarity. We share 50 per cent of our DNA with a banana†(Discovering Psychology, p. 204,2010). Harlow constructed two surrogate mothers for these babies to show affection or need. wire cylinder that provided milk, also in the cage was a structure made of wood covered in foam with a layer of towelling(also known as terry cloth in America). On viewing the action of the baby monkeys Harry Harlow confirmed his theory of â€Å"contact comfort†. He witnessed t he baby clinging on to the terry cloth mother for comfort and only reaching for the wire surrogate for food then returning back to the terry cloth mother. â€Å"In another experiment he showed that the babies treated the terry cloth mother as a â€Å"safe base† (Discovering psychology, p. 07,2010) On displacement of the mothers the only distressing reaction came about on removal of the terry cloth mother with no reaction to the removal of the wire mother which produced food. Upon this observation â€Å"Harlow hypothesised that the tactile qualities of stimuli were more important for infant monkeys bonding then the provision of food†(Discovering psychology, p202,2010) So the previous assumption of the cupboard love theory was superseded by Harlows observation of contact comfort.However this conclusion was reach in monkeys and does not automatically prove the same in humans but does give a basis for the t In looking at Marry Ainswoth's work on attachment it is seen ther e is a great difference in the subject and in the condition surrounding the research. Unlike Harlow who conducted his experiments in the controlled conditions of a laboratory, Ainsworth observed young babies from Ugandan families where she moved with her husband in 1953. Through the observation of the babies over â€Å"two hours every fortnight over a period of nine month†(Discovering Psychology, p. 16,2010) She witnessed that upon the mothers showing comfort to their young, the affection that was shown calmed them and stopped them crying, Ainsworth arrived at the conclusion similar to Harlow that the babies needed tactile stimuli or â€Å"contact comfort† the findings she reached coincided with the work of Harlow. She discovered that the displays witnessed and the validation of contact comfort showed infants became more confident to explore as long as the mothers were present, acting as a safe base in the same way the monkeys reacted to the terry cloth mother.This was shown through Harlows placing the monkey in an unfamiliar playroom, using both surrogate mothers. The positive reaction only came when the terry cloth mother was present, acting as a safe base â€Å"allowing infants to go off and explore or play, but also to rush back to if they felt threatened† (Discovering psychology,p. 207,2010) In comparison to Harlow's work Ainsworth because of ethics could not separate the baby from its mother due to the damage to their emotional and psychological well being.So upon which she used the technique of observation to seemingly reach the same result as Harlow in that attachment is based on â€Å"contact comfort†. Also realising in her study the importance of a â€Å"safe base† to infants, as in the observation research carried out on the Uganda families â€Å"if the mothers were unresponsive and emotionally detached, their infants seem to cry a lot more and often seemed clingy or insecure†(Discovering psychology, p. 216, 2010). We see the advantages of Ainsworh's study in wanting to find out about attachment in humans, by studying humans.As well as showing more credibility into the mechanics of human attachment it also provided Ainsworth with the opportunity to develop a highly influential procedure called the strange situation because of the complexity of humans. This procedure consisted of a series of seven episodes involving three participants, namely mother, baby and a stranger. Page 3 personal identifier: C3257246On completion of the procedure in the highly controlled environment (which limited the amount of emotional upset to the child on encountering and being left alone with the stranger that was constructed in one of the episodes) Ainsworth identified four different types of attachment in the infants used in the observation. While benefiting from the conclusion reached it was only on the basis of a single observation and did not take into account important factors such as the mood of the in fants and how well they slept.The study also produced a further problem when the research was carried out in different countries revealing a great difference in the four types of attachment witnessed in her strange situation. This begs the question of ecological validity and how a controlled observation with a set of episodes is not the same for mothers and infants where these circumstances never arise, as in Japan the strange situation procedure never took place as it seemed to be inappropriate since â€Å"those mothers never left their babies in a room alone with a stranger† (Discovering psychology, p. 20,2010). However Harlow had his advantages too. The behaviour in non-human animals that Harlow used can be easier to interpret and to explain the results as unequivocal. Like Ainsworth Harlow carried out further experiments to strengthen the theory of a safe base now that contact comfort was established. In one of the further experiments â€Å"Harlow found that when the bab ies were placed in a large room full of toys they would curl up in a terrified ball if there was no mother or just the wire surrogate present†(Discovering Psychology, p. 07,2010) So even though we cannot be sure of the degree of findings on non humans and how applicable they are to humans, we see that the findings of at least â€Å"contact comfort† are shared with the observations of Mary Ainsworth. In contrast to the different approaches taken by both the physiologists we understand that ethics plays a major role. In the case of Mary Ainsworth we see the question of ethics need not be approached, even In her later research the strange situation. ll necessary procedures were put in place so not to cause suffering to the infants. The view on ethics taken by Harlow was quite inadequate and became cruel and inhumane which was not a surprising as Harlow did not have too much love for animals. He once said that all he cared about was â€Å"whether a monkey will turn out pro perly I can publish. I don't have any love for them. I never have† (Discovering Psychology, p. 212, 2010)unlike Ainsworth who morally complied and stopped her experiment immediately when the infant showed any sign of distress.Although there was not any ethical guidelines in place upon Harlow carrying out his research, the British psychological society states that â€Å"psychologists must be able to demonstrate that the benefits of a study justify the cost to the animal in terms of suffering†(Discovering Psychology, p. 211,2010) So the influential work carried out by Harlow could be argued â€Å"the suffering was justified because human society benefits greatly from the knowledge†. (Discovering Psychology, p. 212,2010)In conclusion this essay has shown the different approaches both psychologists took, By doing so the essay showed the similarity and differences of both studies. The essay showed that the main underlying issue in the two studies was of ethics and bec ause of this the approaches were very different. However the influential work of Harry Harlow proved that â€Å"contact comfort† was the mechanism for attachment by showing systematically â€Å"that contact comfort was more important than food in the formation of attachment†. Discovering Psychology, p. 206, 2010) This essay also found the similarity in Mary Ainsworth's studies without approaching the question of ethics, and like Harlow came to a similar conclusion of â€Å"contact comfort†,Also appreciating the safe base theory Finally this essay appreciates the discoveries made by both Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on producing relevant information through there respective studies. Word count 1518 References: Brace, n. and Byford, j. (eds)Discovering Psycology(2010), Milton Keynes, The Open University. *

Pakistan Earthquake

On October 8, 2005 the history of Pakistan turned a new page when a massive earthquake hit the northern part of the country. It was said to be the most powerful quake in the last 100 years. It had a magnitude of 7. 6 and was accompanied by more than 60 aftershocks. It killed and injured more than thousands of people and caused massive destruction in the northern part. It was early in the morning when the earth shattering quake jolted the residents out of their beds. Those who were already up and about ready to go, or were at work and school rushed out of their buildings into the open air as the earth shook violently beneath them. They started praying. Still many were trapped as the buildings come down on them. Most of the students lost their lives, as they were completely unaware that they would be buried alive under the ruins of their school building. My family and I had moved to Islamabad (northern part of the country) just two days ago. Our part of the city was not as affected compared to the other parts and because of that we felt lucky. The Margalla Towers, an apartment complex collapsed and killed most of the residents living there. Many of our relatives and family friends lived in that area. Mom tried to call them but the communication systems were disrupted by the quake. This added to the anxiety of the people who could not call their relatives in the affected areas. Many of them were injured and lost most of their family members to the quake. However the most disturbing news was that my aunt lost her husband and her six months old son. The quake affected millions of people directly and indirectly. The official death toll was 87,000 and more than 100,000 people were injured. Many dead bodies were pulled, from the rubble with missing limbs or completely crushed by the rescue teams. But also there had been a handful of incredible stories of survival. Rescue teams worked against insurmountable odd, and succeeded in pulling victims alive from the rubble. A six year old boy became one of the last to be pulled alive from the earthquake’s devastation. After 200 hours, Ahmad had remained conscious but trapped eneath the layers of rubble, which was all that remained of his family’s apartment. â€Å"I was playing with my truck, then I fell†, he said, recounting what had happened. The rest of the family was not as lucky. There were other amazing stories, a ninety year old woman was found alive while other members of her family were lying dead around her, with exception of her three year old grandson. She was left to raise him at this old age. A mother was recovered de ad and she was shielding two children under her. One had died but the other lived. The quake affected millions of people, ordinary people come in thousands to help in relief efforts. Volunteers answered the calls for blood donations and brought food, water and other goods for the victims. Muzaffarabad and its surrounding areas were badly affected. Most of the villages were completely wiped out, and roads were blocked by heavy rocks from the Himalaya Mountains. The Pakistan Air Force helicopters that were well equipped to perform relief activities waved their way through the mountains and flew over the affected areas. But landing in some areas was impossible. The clock ticked by, and despite the hard work of the rescue teams, many bodies were trapped inside the heavy rubble, with an acute smell of human flesh coming from them. Nature continued to be needlessly cruel. There was rain and hail, many people without shelter died. In less than two months, the Himalaya Mountains got their first snowfall and the temperature was below zero. Aid came from around the world. But still it’s too little and often the wrong kind. There were not enough tents, blankets and warm clothe to go around. Hundreds of tents had been provided but thousands of families remain out under the sky. They face rain and hail with dread in their hearts. They have lost everything even their hope to live. Imagine yourself buried under the heavy rubble alive, with no food, no water and constantly bleeding and weighting for your only killer†¦ â€Å"time†. The devastating earthquake shocked the nation, but brought out the best as they rose up to the occasion to help the victims.

Laurels and What One Does With Them

Laurels and What One Does With Them Laurels and What One Does With Them Laurels and What One Does With Them By Maeve Maddox I heard a newscastersports I thinksay that someone was waiting on the laurels of someone. Sometimes I feel like an ancient Roman watching Latin turn into French. What did the newscaster mean? He had a vague recollection of having heard something about laurels and an -ing verb. The expression he was reaching for is resting on ones laurels. To rest upon ones laurels is to expend less effort, to give up striving for new victories, to rely on past success to cover up current failures. In classical times, winners of athletic contests and poetry slams were crowned with laurel wreaths because the laurel wreath was an attribute of the god Apollo, deity of music, poetry, and the arts. NOTE: art didnt mean the same to the ancients as it does in modern usage. For the Greeks, athletics belonged to the category of art. To the major arts, according to Cicero, belonged political and military arts; to the second class belonged purely intellectual arts, i.e., sciences, but also poetry and eloquence; to the third class belonged painting, sculpture, music, acting, athletics. Dictionary of the History of Ideas From this custom of crowning the best poets with a laurel wreath comes the term poet laureate, an official versifier appointed by a government to write poems for special occasions. Roman custom extended the use of the laurel wreath to crown victorious generals. During the Roman Republic, the second highest military honor was the Civic Crown, a wreath made of oak leaves. It was awarded to a Roman who had saved the life of fellow citizens by slaying an enemy on a spot not further held by the enemy that same day. Wikipedia The highest military honor was the Grass Crown, awarded to a general who broke a blockade around a threatened legion or army, saving it from annihilation. This one wasnt awarded too often. The association of oak leaves with military achievement survives to modern times. Certain miltary decorations make use of oakleaf clusters. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionHow to Write a Proposal

All The Presidents Men Critic essays

All The Presidents Men Critic essays All The Presidents Men Critic All the Presidents Men is the story of the role of the press and Washington Post reporters Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein in the Watergate scandal that forced Richard Nixon from his Presidential office. In the run-up to the 1972 election, Bob Woodward covers what at first appears to be a third rate break-in at the Democratic Party National headquarters located in the Watergate Complex. Five men in business suits, four of whom were Cubans, were caught attempting to electronically bug the office of Mr. OBrien, a Democrat. He is surprised to find top lawyers already on the defense case, and the discovery of names and addresses of Republican fund organizers in the address book belonging to one of the burglars further arouses his suspicions. The editor of the Post, Benjamin C. Bradlee, is prepared to run with the story and assigns Woodward and Carl Bernstein to work on the developments together. The two begin making phone calls and discover that there was a secret security fund collect ed in Maurice H. Stans safe for the purpose of illegal activities by the Committee to Re-elect the President. Woodwards anonymous high-level source called Deep Throat would meet him in a dark parking garage in the middle of the night, and through him, the reporters find the trail leading higher and higher in the Republican Party, and eventually into the White House itself. The ruthless committee hired hundreds of people to sabotage democratic activities and even go as far as ruining the campaign of Edmund Muskie through the Canuck Letter, written by the Deputy Director of Communications in the White House, Kenneth W. Clawson. The reporters attempted to interview the Grand Jury from the previous trials with Liddy and McCord but the members had alerted prosecutors so Judge Sirica called them to court and anonymously condemned their actions and gave them a speech o...

What Reverse Osmosis Is and How It Works

What Reverse Osmosis Is and How It Works Reverse osmosis or RO is a filtration method that is used to remove ions and molecules from a solution by applying pressure to the solution on one side of a semipermeable or selective membrane. Large molecules (solute) cant cross the membrane, so they remain on one side. Water (solvent) can cross the membrane. The result is that solute molecules become more concentrated on one side of the membrane, while the opposite side becomes more dilute. How Reverse Osmosis Works In order to understand reverse osmosis, it helps to first understand how mass is transported via diffusion and regular osmosis.  Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion in which the molecules are water and the concentration gradient occurs across a semipermeable membrane. The semipermeable membrane allows the passage of water, but notions (e.g., Na, Ca2, Cl-) or larger molecules (e.g., glucose, urea, bacteria). Diffusion and osmosis are thermodynamically favorable and will continue until equilibrium is reached. Osmosis can be slowed, stopped, or even reversed if sufficient pressure is applied to the membrane from the concentrated side of the membrane. Reverse osmosis occurs when the water is moved across the membrane against the concentration gradient, from lower concentration to higher concentration. To illustrate, imagine a semipermeable membrane with fresh water on one side and a concentrated aqueous solution on the other side. If normal osmosis takes place, the fresh water will cross the membrane to dilute the concentrated solution. In reverse osmosis, pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to force the water molecules through the membrane to the freshwater side. There are different pore sizes of membranes used for reverse osmosis. While a small pore size does a better job of filtration, it takes longer to move water. Its sort of like trying to pour water through a strainer (large holes or pores) compared to trying to pour it through a paper towel (smaller holes). However, reverse osmosis is different from simple membrane filtration because it involves diffusion and is affected by flow rate and pressure. Uses of Reverse Osmosis Reverse osmosis is often used in commercial and residential water filtration. It is also one of the methods used to desalinate seawater. Reverse osmosis not only reduces salt, but can also filter out metals, organic contaminants, and pathogens. Sometimes reverse osmosis is used to purify liquids in which water is an undesirable impurity. For example, reverse osmosis can be used to purify ethanol or grain alcohol to increase its proof. History of Reverse Osmosis Reverse osmosis is not a new purification technique. The first examples of osmosis through semipermeable membranes was described by Jean-Antoine Nollet in 1748. While the process was known in laboratories, it wasnt used for desalination of seawater until 1950 at the University of California in Los Angeles. Multiple researchers refined methods of using reverse osmosis to purify water, but the process was so slow that it wasnt practical on a commercial scale. New polymers allowed for the production of more efficient membranes. By the beginning of the 21st century, desalination plants became capable of desalinating water at the rate of 15 million gallons per day, with around 15,000 plants in operation or planned.

Refection on Call Girl and readings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Refection on Call Girl and readings - Essay Example It also offers society a mirror to construct a desired reality. However, this differs with Hedlong’s perception who believes that films mainly achieve an aesthetic value and this revolves around explicit mystery and murder notable in most Swedish movies (Miller et al., 2008). Overall, the two authors agree that films have role to play in the wider society. Notably, Hedlong continues with this trajectory by asserting that the location of Swedish Media is largely influenced by regional aesthetics as demonstrated by the Call Girl film. This shows that filmmakers have a role in transforming society while also entertaining the masses. Similarly, cinema as a modern invention of technology, according to Sundholm, should manipulate people’s thoughts, views, and perceptions toward a positive direction. Alternatively, Miller in his paper Global Hollywood attests on the muzzling culture of Hollywood of foreign cinema. Consequently, this curtails the growth of other forms of cinemas with creative and innovative messages as notable with Call Girl that castigates bad political behavior (Reijnders, 2008). In other words, artistic success is a challenge if industries do not allow cooperation. Hedlong, O. et al. (2010). Murder, Mystery and Megabucks?: Films and Filmmaking as Regional and Local Place Promotion in Southern Sweden. In Hedlong, O et al (Ed.), Regional Aesthetics: Locating Swedish Media (pp.263-290). New York, NY:

Characteristics of a Future Leader Research Paper

Characteristics of a Future Leader - Research Paper Example The managers, who will lead business enterprises in the future will, therefore, have to possess the required qualities of leadership for the survival of the business. The second sector shows the methodology used in the research work then the challenges that leaders face nowadays with the inclusion of examples are shown. There is also information on how dynamic planning blueprints look like and the new areas that leaders should focus on. Moreover, the note shows the lessons that past leadership behaviors have taught the business world. Furthermore, the research shows the leadership that the current and future generations will have. Finally, the note has a conclusion, which summarizes the research work. Introduction Currently the business issues around the globe have taken a new trend, and when compared to the past, a significant difference is notable. For instance, the way the business used to operate in the past is remarkably different from the way they are operated today. These chan ges in the world of business have occurred because many entrepreneurs are venturing into business activities thereby the competition in the markets has grown too stiff (Anderson, 2006). Moreover, competition has further, been intensified because most businesses embrace technology, which helps them to perfect their services, produce their products at a faster and cheap way and be able to make sales significantly. Technology has, therefore, intensified the competition (Kontes, 2011). Furthermore, the stiff competition is because customers nowadays are extremely keen on the quality than on quantity hence businesses produce products of high quality to satisfy the customer need. Since the production is high, the businesses make different selling strategies thereby intensifying competition. The current generation, therefore, has innovated new trends, which will help in sustaining the businesses in the market. These trends are the use of forensic accounting in the departments of businesses , fusing of business and technology into one system among others (Nahavandi, 2012). From this, it is evident that, in the future, the competition will elevate hence the business leaders of the future ought to possess the required qualities that will help sustain the business, as the competition in the market gets stiffer. Methodology Data Sources The sources of the research work were from the internet books. Other information was collected various business managers through interviewing. Results and Discussion New and Distinctive Challenges New Leaders face New leaders face various challenges in businesses because they have the skills but have no experience of how skills are applied. The first challenge faced by new leaders is that people will not want their leadership (Williams, 2005). Since the new leader will try to make their own way of leading the business, the new leader might face opposition because the most workers are used to the old trends (former leader’s rules). Th e workers will, therefore, feel that the idea of the new leader will fail because the business has never tried using his or her idea.

Principles and Policy by Baumol and Blinder Term Paper

Principles and Policy by Baumol and Blinder - Term Paper Example The evidence is clear as penalties that imposed on high-risk borrowers of up to 2% of the mortgage amount have been diminished or eliminated. Evidently, Americans have witnessed the lowest rates in recent decades due to the fact that homeowners are in scurry to refinance. However, 25% of these homeowners cannot refinance since their mortgage exceeded the value of the home. Since the last crash, Fannie and Freddie were both under the control of the Federal government, a move that had to be conducted in order for the American economy to be stabilized. Currently, the program has not worked up to its potential as only 894,000 borrowers have conducted refinancing in their mortgages through agency. Although many factors affect the outcome, it is clear that Fannie and Freddie Mac are hindrance towards the market as they continue to enact hefty fees and conditions to their customers. It relates to macroeconomics due to the fact that housing bubble continues to grow out of hand. The housing m arket has been in such a turmoil that individuals can start owning homes for $50,000. This act is beneficial because it can lower the interest rates and allow people to pay their mortgages, which can increase the price of homes. Moreover, critics continue to question the effectiveness of the program as it strives to boost the economy since cash flow of borrowers will be induced by investors who possess these bad mortgages. Conducive research indicates that housing market directly impacts the American economy. Real estate economics dictate the economic strategies that are used in the market. The housing economic discusses the business and structural modifications that can potentially ruin the industry. In essence, there is no market equilibrium as the demand for houses has been high even though supply has diminished. This is mainly because of the low price that has continued to haunt the economy. BBC Newt Gingrich, Republican president, has defended the fact that he was never bribed by Fannie Mac. Gingrich was reacting to a report that he earned up to $1.8 million as the consultant from the leading mortgage lender. The former congressman continues to defend the fact that he never lobbied for Freddie Mac. Gingrich has been on the focal point since the elections have been heated up as he is the leader in the Republican polls. Since Freddie Mac is funded by the government, owns and continues to ensure half of US mortgages. This is critical to economics because Freddie Mac is already under strict scope of the government as it continues to struggle. If the accusations are indeed true, then both Freddie Mac and Gingrich can be in huge trouble considering the fact both are huge names in the industry. Gingrich insists that he was hired "strategic advice over a long period of time" to Freddie Mac, although he could not specify exactly how much he was paid. Yet, with the market on the verge of going chaotic, Gingrich is under the microscope for his actions. As mentioned above, Freddie Mac is still imposing high fees to its customers, something that Gingrich should acknowledge and address in his presidential debate. It will be interesting to see whether Gingrich’s reputation increases or decreases in polls. PBS Recently, a couple decided to buy a house which was worth only $1.

Personal Development and Careers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Personal Development and Careers - Assignment Example This is as it should be. Knowledge for the sake of knowledge is useless; it is the application of knowledge to everyday situations after sizing them up in an intelligent manner is what should be the objective of learning. The result of learning should be the outcomes it produces in the real world. The Relationship between Learning and Development From the above, it is clear that book knowledge is not what we are after, rather the knowledge that we get from books should be applied to real world problems connected to that branch of knowledge so that solutions are made possible. Experience is the result of having applied that knowledge in a certain way and seeing the outcome. If by a process of trial and error, we can eliminate what does not work and distill that which does, we have reached the path of self development. For learning is a path to self development. The knowledge translated into skill resides in the mind and body of man- it becomes an inseparable part of him. This is how t he continual development of skills leads to personal development. Discussion of a Learning Theory: Kolb’s Learning Circle When it comes to theories of learning, there has been a lot of work produced by different authors and thinkers over the ages. However I regard the work of David A. Kolb and his Learning Circle to be a good explanation of what occurs during the process of learning. It is a good expose into the way we learn. Kolb outlined his theory in a book called ‘Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development’ published in 1984. Kolb’s Learning Circle (developed in coordination with Roger Fry) consists of four steps: (1) concrete experience (2) concrete and abstract experience (3) forming abstract concepts and (4) applying to new situations. According to Kolb, humans basically learn to understand and process two different types of information- concrete and abstract. Our learning vocabulary is therefore filled with either C oncrete Experience or Abstract Conceptualization. Kolb maintains that following a learning session, if we want to capitalize on it, we convert our experience into either Reflective Observation or Active Experimentation. Kolb’s model indicates that we could use all four of these approaches in a learning experience, depending upon the situation we are confronted with. Over time however, Kolb maintains that individuals tend to prefer one experience grasping approach and one experience transforming approach. Kolb has mentioned four learning styles and these are to be regarded as created by the learner during the process of learning. The four styles are (1) Converger (2) Diverger (3) Assimilator and (4) Accommodator (Kolb, 1984). Convergers are characterized by abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. They are good at making practical applications of ideas and using deductive reasoning to solve problems. According to Kolb, divergers are geared toward getting concrete experiences and making reflective observations. Divergers are also imaginative and will be good at coming up with ideas or in seeing things from different perspectives. Most of our theorists and social thinkers would fit in this category (Houle, 1980). Kolb writes that assimilators can be singled out by their preference for abstract

Hollywood musicals Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hollywood musicals - Movie Review Example This genre is considered as one of the popular genres of Hollywood. It had unique features, elements, themes and characteristics. In Hollywood Musicals cinema, music and songs were used as a narrative tool to convey the script to the audience. The songs and music had a different interpretation from the dialogues, the metaphors used in the songs would tell the story in an entertaining and creative manner. The combination of dance movements, rhythm, melody and other stylistic aspects of the genre made Hollywood Musicals as a unique, popular and entertaining. The review of Hollywood Musicals, ‘Singing in the Rain’ (1952), ‘Easter Parade’ (1948) and Good News’ (1947) will help to analyze the themes and ideas on which the movies were based at that particular time. ‘Singing in the rain’ released in 1952 was directed by Stanley Donon and Genne Kelly. It had actors Don Lockenod, Cosmo Brown and Lina Lamont. The film was a modest hit but got a legendary status by contemporary critics. The movie has a great humor; the scenes that deal with the technical difficulties of the early days of talkies are hilarious and entertaining. This movie is about the making of movies, the setting is either the sets of the movie or the premiere shows. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as one of the best musicals made in its time. It was ranked as fifth best American movie in the list of ‘Greatest American films’ in 2007. The movie offers a lighthearted representation of Hollywood with the stars that are caught up in the transition from the silent movies to talkies. The movie revolves around funny and hilarious scenes which deal with the scenes where the stars are dealing with technical issues during making of their movie. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as the best musical movie ever made, the sequence where Kelly begins dance until the cop looks at him strangely is probably the most joyous musical sequence ever filmed in the

The Open Boat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Open Boat - Essay Example This is quite contradictory to the notion that human beings hold an importance in this Universe and humanity was created with some purpose. It might compel one to think if the Universe and its activities would come to a halt if a human being dies. This piece of literature shows how the nature and her elements move in their self-determined ways despite the fate of the four sailors who struggle against uncertainties of their fate through mutual support. The opening scene of the story introduces us to four survivors of a shipwreck, the captain, the oiler who is called Billy, the correspondent (the author who underwent the similar experience was also a correspondent at that time) and the cook. The author gives a detail description of all the men. For instance the cook is obese and shabbily attired, bailing water from the boat and positive about their rescue, the oiler is physically strong and rows with a single oar along with the correspondent who is with another oar and apparently detac hed from the group. The captain on the other hand lies in an injured condition at the base of the boat. The opposition between human fate and nature is best reflected in the lines â€Å"The birds sat comfortably in groups, and they were envied by some in the dingey for the wrath of the sea was no more to them than it was to a covey of prairie chickens a thousand miles inland† (Crane). ... The normal activities of nature seemed hostile and aggressive to the men. In fact the author brings out the angry thoughts of the men as follows: â€Å"If I am going to be drowned--if I am going to be drowned--if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?...If this old ninny-woman, Fate, cannot do better than this, she should be deprived of the management of men's fortunes† (Crane). Human beings often show their desperation through expressions of anger against nature. Such conditions of men bring them to a point where they want to vent their wrath on religion and God by throwing bricks at the temples. The next reason of exasperation comes when the men find there are no temples. Though the men at first thinks their fates are guided by some form of Gods. One on hand they feel â€Å"childish and stupid† to show any kind of optimism, while on the other any â€Å"open sugg estion of hopelessness† is not a wise demeanor (Crane). Crane tries to point out that humanity is not in a glorious position but one amongst he other components of nature and just like the society pursues their everyday activities, even the Universe would be undisturbed at the absence of human race. This is presented in contrast with the concept of the 19th century suggesting that the ultimate form of creation is human being (D’Ammassa, 174). The sole ray of hope comes from their mutual dependence and obtaining support from one another at times of distress. Such situations compel men to understand what it is like to be in the midst of a harsh reality and makes them realize the importance of comradeship. The men constantly get into fights, which

Hollywood musicals Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Hollywood musicals - Movie Review Example This genre is considered as one of the popular genres of Hollywood. It had unique features, elements, themes and characteristics. In Hollywood Musicals cinema, music and songs were used as a narrative tool to convey the script to the audience. The songs and music had a different interpretation from the dialogues, the metaphors used in the songs would tell the story in an entertaining and creative manner. The combination of dance movements, rhythm, melody and other stylistic aspects of the genre made Hollywood Musicals as a unique, popular and entertaining. The review of Hollywood Musicals, ‘Singing in the Rain’ (1952), ‘Easter Parade’ (1948) and Good News’ (1947) will help to analyze the themes and ideas on which the movies were based at that particular time. ‘Singing in the rain’ released in 1952 was directed by Stanley Donon and Genne Kelly. It had actors Don Lockenod, Cosmo Brown and Lina Lamont. The film was a modest hit but got a legendary status by contemporary critics. The movie has a great humor; the scenes that deal with the technical difficulties of the early days of talkies are hilarious and entertaining. This movie is about the making of movies, the setting is either the sets of the movie or the premiere shows. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as one of the best musicals made in its time. It was ranked as fifth best American movie in the list of ‘Greatest American films’ in 2007. The movie offers a lighthearted representation of Hollywood with the stars that are caught up in the transition from the silent movies to talkies. The movie revolves around funny and hilarious scenes which deal with the scenes where the stars are dealing with technical issues during making of their movie. ‘Singing in the Rain’ is considered as the best musical movie ever made, the sequence where Kelly begins dance until the cop looks at him strangely is probably the most joyous musical sequence ever filmed in the

Safety Statistics Aviation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Safety Statistics Aviation - Essay Example nts such as pilot errors related to weather and mechanical issues, sabotage, and mechanical failure are vital for consideration in classifying commercial aviation data. Based on this classification, statisticians can compare the prevalent causes of accidents within a given duration. Secondly, the number of fatal accidents also need adequate consideration when comparing aspects of commercial aviation accident data. Civil accidents involve civil aircrafts with 19 or more passengers (Rodrigues, Cusick & Wells, 2012). The data showing the number of these kinds of accidents within a standard duration can aid in comparison of the prevalence or the rate of occurrence of fatal accidents. Finally, the number of fatalities and the survival rates in aviation accidents are imperative in making effective comparison data. Rodrigues, Cusick and Wells (2012) note that these issues depict the criticality of an accident and help in comparing accidents across the world within specific durations. In conclusion, there are critical points necessary for consideration when analyzing and comparing commercial aviation accidents statistics. They include the causes of the accidents, the number of fatal accidents, number of fatalities and the survival

Internet Cafe Business Plan Essay Example for Free

Internet Cafe Business Plan Essay Internet Cafe Business Plan Executive Summary JavaNet, unlike a typical cafe, will provide a unique forum for communication and entertainment through the medium of the Internet. JavaNet is the answer to an increasing demand. The public wants: (1) access to the methods of communication and volumes of information now available on the Internet, and (2) access at a cost they can afford and in such a way that they arent socially, economically, or politically isolated. JavaNets goal is to provide the community with a social, educational, entertaining, atmosphere for worldwide communication. This business plan is prepared to obtain financing in the amount of $24,000. The supplemental financing is required to begin work on site preparation and modifications, equipment purchases, and to cover expenses in the first year of operations. Additional financing has already been secured in the form of: (1) $24,000 from the Oregon Economic Development Fund (2) $19,000 of personal savings from owner Cale Bruckner (3) $36,000 from three investors (4) and $9,290 in the form of short-term loans. JavaNet will be incorporated as an LLC corporation. This will shield the owner Cale Bruckner, and the three outside investors, Luke Walsh, Doug Wilson, and John Underwood, from issues of personal liability and double taxation. The investors will be treated as shareholders and therefore will not be liable for more than their individual personal investment of $12,000 each. The financing, in addition to the capital contributions from the owner, shareholders and the Oregon Economic Development Fund, will allow JavaNet to successfully open and maintain operations through year one.

The Good Earth in relation to food and culture :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following in a report on the themes and action of The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck as it relates to food and culture. This novel tells the story of Wang Lung. He is a man who rises from being a poor farmer to a very wealthy man because of his faith in the good earth. In the beginning of the story Wang Lung tries to see as little water as possible because he feels safest with his land under his feet. His family is very poor so he must feed his father corn gruel and tea. Wang Lung needs a wife so saves up the little money he has and buys a woman who is a slave named O-lan. O-lan is sold to Wang Lung so she can take care of the home, cooking and bear children. Wang Lung is disappointed when he first sees O-lan because she does not have bound feet which was a desirable quality at that time but he does enjoy when O-lan has the food ready when he comes in a night from the land. Wang Lung is very proud when O-lan makes cakes that no one else in the village knows how to makes and when his family comes to feast for the new year at their house. As a humble farmer Wang Lung always pay his respects to the figures of the Earth god and his mistress when he passes. Wang Lung’s love for the earth is the chief driving force in his life. It is also the foundation of his family and the one he turns to when he has troubles. Land is a sign and a symbol to Wang Lung. When O-lan’s and Wang Lung’s first child is born they dye eggs red and distribute them to the village to shown their first born is a male. After a year of good rains Wang Lung begins to amass a good fortune so he hides the money that they make so people will not try to borrow it. Again, the produce from the year is good, and Wang Lung is able to hide more silver. He buy land from the great house in town and it is very fruitful, yielding more harvest than his own land. Now everyone in the village knows that Wang Lung is the owner of a piece of the Hwang land. His status rises in the village. The following year the rains don’t come and the land dries up. The Good Earth in relation to food and culture :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The following in a report on the themes and action of The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck as it relates to food and culture. This novel tells the story of Wang Lung. He is a man who rises from being a poor farmer to a very wealthy man because of his faith in the good earth. In the beginning of the story Wang Lung tries to see as little water as possible because he feels safest with his land under his feet. His family is very poor so he must feed his father corn gruel and tea. Wang Lung needs a wife so saves up the little money he has and buys a woman who is a slave named O-lan. O-lan is sold to Wang Lung so she can take care of the home, cooking and bear children. Wang Lung is disappointed when he first sees O-lan because she does not have bound feet which was a desirable quality at that time but he does enjoy when O-lan has the food ready when he comes in a night from the land. Wang Lung is very proud when O-lan makes cakes that no one else in the village knows how to makes and when his family comes to feast for the new year at their house. As a humble farmer Wang Lung always pay his respects to the figures of the Earth god and his mistress when he passes. Wang Lung’s love for the earth is the chief driving force in his life. It is also the foundation of his family and the one he turns to when he has troubles. Land is a sign and a symbol to Wang Lung. When O-lan’s and Wang Lung’s first child is born they dye eggs red and distribute them to the village to shown their first born is a male. After a year of good rains Wang Lung begins to amass a good fortune so he hides the money that they make so people will not try to borrow it. Again, the produce from the year is good, and Wang Lung is able to hide more silver. He buy land from the great house in town and it is very fruitful, yielding more harvest than his own land. Now everyone in the village knows that Wang Lung is the owner of a piece of the Hwang land. His status rises in the village. The following year the rains don’t come and the land dries up.

Independent Medical Examination :: essays research papers

Dear Dr.: is the authorized representative of in all of its workers’ compensation matters. The purpose of this file review is to determine whether the alleged condition of lumbar sprain is causally related to the claimant’s work activities. This claim has been allowed by the BWC for a sprain lumbar region following the claimant’s allegations that he felt back pain after slipping on ice while opening a gate at work. The claimant presented himself to St. Vincent Charity Hospital later that day complaining of sharp pain more on the right than on the left. The claimant admitted to prior back injuries and frequent chiropractic manipulations by a chiropractor during the examination, but was unsure of his previous diagnosis. The claimant stated that his back â€Å"has never been great, and I’ve always had problems with it†. On examination, Dr, Daniel Ryu found mild to moderate right paralumbar tenderness. The claimant was diagnosed with a lumbar sprain and given medications. The claimant followed up on March 9, 2005 with Dr. Ryu, reporting minimal improvement. At this examination, the claimant stated that he had a history of multi-level degenerative disk disease in the lumbar spine. Dr. Ryu requested an MR I, which was administered on March 7, 2005 by Dr. Shockley. The MRI revealed severe degenerative disc disease and mild to moderate facet disease at all levels of the lumbar spine. On March 18, 2005, the claimant returned to St. Vincent Charity Occupational Medicine, stating that he was feeling â€Å"better†, and had been participating in physical therapy. The BWC allowed the claim for a â€Å"Sprain Lumbar Region† on March 9, 2005. The employer does not believe that the claimant’s current condition is a result of a workplace incident. The claimant has a history of severe degenerative disc disease in the lumbar spine and frequent chiropractic manipulations. The employer believes that the claimant’s current complaints stem from the severe degenerative disc disease and is unrelated to the claimant’s 3/1/05 work activities.

Advances in Medical Technology

Composition I 19 Feb 2008 Advances in Medical Technology Medical Technology has developed to a great extent over the course of many centuries. Since the days of Hippocrates, considered the â€Å"Father of Medicine†, advances in the medical field have brought us into a brave new world. With the advent and application of modern technology, the medical field seems to have evolved more in the last 10-20 yrs than in the previous 1000 years.Recently, new ground has been broken throughout the field, involving medical techniques, surgical procedures, and electronic devices. Such advancements have streamlined the practice and science of medicine in the 21st century. One form of advancement in Technology that has simplified the record keeping process for Physicians and Nurses alike is the computerized clipboard.According to Steve Kelly of Phillips Medical Systems, â€Å"The portable, always connected device is designed to require minimal training and provides significant benefits to th e clinical users, helping to reduce medication errors, positively identify staff and patients, fill out charts, capture vital signs, write up reports and validate blood transfusions as well as the ability to closely monitor the healing of wounds (Terry). Terry’s words sum up the benefits of such a device quite nicely. Another concept at the forefront of Medical Technology is that of Bionics.Bionics involves the engineering of â€Å"Synthetic†, or artificial limbs to replace those lost due to accidents or amputation. Bionics, as a whole, is not an entirely new concept. The crafting of synthetic limbs has been practiced for some time, but modern Technological advances have cleared a path for much more realistic, functional, and â€Å"smarter† limbs. The I-Limb Hand, made by Touch Bionics, is probably the most recent example of how realistic these limbs have become in their appearance.As stated by Paul Bright of Touch Bionics, â€Å"Touch Bionics created the I-LIM B hand in hopes to add more functionality for people who wanted more than just a gripping tool†(Bright). In the photo to the left, courtesy of gizmag. com, one of the hands is an implant, and one is real. Thanks to advances in the science of Bionics, it is difficult to tell which one is artificial. Similarly, research into the field of Implantable Biochips has led to innovations in monitoring vital signs and personal information for soldiers on the battlefield.The Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors, & Biochips, Based at Clemson University, is among the leading manufacturers of these Biochips. In an article in Science Daily based on materials provided by Clemson University, it is stated that â€Å"The biochip, about the size of a grain of rice, could measure and relay such information as lactate and glucose levels in the event of a major hemorrhage, whether on the battlefield, at home or on the highway†. Furthermore, we’ve seen advances in Medical Technology co ncerning how surgeries are performed in the 21st Century.As computers become more and more integrated into medical procedures, we can start to envision surgical procedures that are done robotically. One of the latest innovations in Robotic Surgery is the Da Vinci Robot Surgery System, from Intuitive Surgical. An article in Newsweek written by Jennifer Barrett entitled â€Å"Cutting Edge†, states that â€Å"The robotic system has already transformed the field of prostate surgery, for which it was approved in May 2001. That year it was used in less than 1 percent of all prostatectomies. This year more than 20 percent will be done with the robot†(Barrett).Barrett’s remarks indicate that the utilization of such Technology is becoming more prevalent and will most likely be standard practice in the near future. Another innovation of Technology involving portable devices in the field of medicine is the product of research done at the NYU School of Medicine. The BrainSc ope, as it is called, is a handheld device capable of monitoring activity in the brain. The implications of such a device in both Sports and Warfare are quite amazing. When an Athlete or a Soldier is injured, such a device can be used to measure fluctuations in brain activity to indicate the severity of the damage.The brain activity is interpreted in only a few minutes, preventing costly and time consuming trips to a hospital for an MRI. These features allow for faster diagnoses of trauma to the brain, and contribute to faster, better informed decisions following an injury. As stated in an article in ScienceDaily, adapted from materials provided by the New York University Medical Center, â€Å"BrainScope consists of an adhesive strip, containing six electrodes, which are connected to a mini-computer that resembles an oversized iPod.After a suspected head injury, a first responder affixes the electrode strip to the patient’s forehead. The device automatically collects a sampl e of the patient’s EEG and computes a large number of QEEG features, each of which are compared to a databank of normal scores. Within minutes, BrainScope’s color display indicates whether any of the patient’s brain functions deviate from normal†. In conclusion, recent advancements in Technology have brought about vast changes in regards to the practice of Medicine.With the advent of such concepts as Computerized Clipboards, Bionic Replacement Limbs, Biochips, Robotic Surgery Systems, and the hand held BrainScope, the world of Medicine has certainly evolved to meet the new century. Undoubtedly, as we have merely scratched the surface of Computerized Technology and the applications thereof, the potential for the future of Medicine is nothing short of amazing. Works Cited Barrett, Jennifer. â€Å"Cutting Edge†. Newsweek. com 19 Dec. 2005. 25 Feb. 2008 http://www. newsweek. com/id/51510. Bright, Paul. â€Å"World's First Bionic Hand to Now Available t he Public. 18 Jul. 2007. 24 Feb. 2008 http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/318351/worlds_first_bionic_hand_now_available. html. Clemson University. â€Å"Implantable Biochip Could Relay Vital Health Information If Soldier Is Wounded In Battle. † Science Daily 1 August 2007. 25 February 2008 . Kelly, Steve. â€Å"Philips joins Intel to develop wireless, handheld ’Mobile Clinical Assistant†. 27 Feb 2007. 24 Feb. 2008 . New York University Medical Center. â€Å"Experimental Handheld Device Can Detect Subtle Brain Injury Immediately After Concussion. † Science Daily

Language of Robinson Crusoe Essay

Daniel Dafoe’s popular novel, originally titled The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates (iii), like most classics underwent many editions through the years. However nothing but the first edition, which is the basis of this essay, can give us the look and feel of the time as intended to be shown by the author. EARLY MODERN ENGLISH According to Volume 14 of The Cambridge History of English and American Literature in 18 Volumes, Early Modern English period marked the expansion of the use of the English language outside England. But since English was spread at various times it has been subjected to different influences and additional variations caused by attempts at etymological spelling (Ward et al ch 15 sec 3 par 1). These were evident in the novel in two aspects of language: grammar and vocabulary (Ward et al ch 15 sec 1 par 1-2). Among the inflectional changes during the early modern English was the dropping of the weak vowel in verbs ending in –ed (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 4 par. 7). Examples of these manifested not only in the title (the word deliver’d) but within the text itself such as call’d, fill’d, encreas’d, and fatigu’d. Spelling also appeared to be phonetically defective (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1) with words like perswasions, lyon, lye, and prophetick. Compounding of words were also used in the novel by examples of free-school, hand-maids, ground-tackle and fellow-slave. However, the change in the verbs as well as the defects in spelling was not applied to the entire novel which makes us consider the reasons for such use. TOWARDS A PURITY IN STYLE Daniel Defoe, in his book An Essay upon Projects, emphasized that it was the responsibility of the society to polish and refine the English tongue and to purge it from all the irregular additions that ignorance and affectation have introduced as befitted the noblest and most comprehensive of all the vulgar languages in the world (8). The spread of the English language was depicted in the novel when Robinson Crusoe teaches his servant Friday the English language. We may notice from an excerpt of their discourse below that although essentially Crusoe and Friday came to communicate effectively with each other, Friday’s English differs much from Crusoe’s parallel to their difference in status and origin: Friday, My Nation beat much, for all that. Master, How beat; if your Nation beat them, how come you to be taken? Friday, They more many than my Nation in the Place where me was; they take one, two, three, and me; my Nation over beat them in the yonder Place, where me no was; there my Nation take one, two, great Thousand. Master, But why did not your Side recover you from the Hands of your Enemies then? Friday, They run one, two, three, and me, and make go in the Canoe; my Nation have no Canoe that time. (Defoe, â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 254) Much is the same circumstance that brought about the variations and additions to the English language in which Defoe is clamoring for purity (â€Å"An Essay upon Projects† 8). Shoar and Shore. Aside from the defective spelling mentioned earlier is the variation in the spelling (Ward et al. ch 15 sec 3 par. 1). An example if this is the word shore, spelled shore and shoar, in different context of the novel. It may be noted that shoar was only used in the part of Robinson Crusoe’s mishaps. That is to say, from the part of his captivity at Sallee until before his wreck on the island. These mishaps, Crusoe later reflected on, were results of his ignorance in the Providence of God and malcontent thus the use of the spelling shoar. While his solitary life in the island described the learning process he underwent to survive and finally live harmoniously with his surroundings; hence the renewed use of the spelling shore. In this regard, one may interpret that the use of the word was intentional to show the need and difficulty in creating a standard for the English language. viz. and (viz. ). The use of foreign language in novels is quite common throughout the ages. As such, we came to attention on the use of the Latin word viz. Oxford English Dictionary defines viz. as the abbreviation of videlicet which generally means namely or that is to say (1033). Although Defoe used viz. without parenthesis and viz. in parenthesis based on the same definition, its participation in the statement are quite different. The viz. without parenthesis was used in identifying and qualifying statements such as the â€Å"All the rest of that Day I spent in afflicting my self at the dismal Circumstances I was brought to, viz. I had neither Food, House, Clothes, Weapon, or Place to fly to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 82). On the other hand, viz. in parenthesis, which appeared in lines like â€Å"This was what I wish’d for; so I took them up, and serv’d them as we serve notorious Thieves in England, (viz. ) Hang’d them in Chains for a Terror to others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"Robinson Crusoe† 138), was used as such in order to explain earlier statement. The use of parenthesis to differentiate the use of the same word in the novel further reflects Defoe’s quest for refinement of the English language as mentioned previously. CONCLUSION Indeed, regardless of the plot of the story which categorized it to fiction, the culture and language of the time is unmistakable. Robinson Crusoe, in its original version, allows us the indulgence to peek and appreciate not only the early modern English language but the period as well. The flexibility of the language then reflected the society of that time as it has always been for any period or era. At the same time, the novel provided additional venue for the author to disseminate his ideas and further his individual attempt towards the transition to the modern English language and insertions to the importance of learning across the spectrum of the society. Such power language has to influence its readers, whether consciously or unconsciously. And the duality that the novel showed made it a favorite among children and adults alike. Fulfilling its objectives to entertain and propagate (however subtle it may be). Works Cited Defoe, Daniel. An Essay Upon Projects. New York: Adamant Media Corporation, 2005. Print. —. The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, of York, Mariner: Who lived Eight and Twenty Years, all alone in an uninhabited Island on the Coast of America, near the Mouth of the Great River of Oroonoque; Having been cast on Shore by Shipwreck, wherein all the Men perished but himself. With an Account how he was at last as strangely deliver’d by Pyrates. London: printed for W. Taylor, 1719. Print. Oxford English Dictionary. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. Print. Ward, Aldolphus William, Sir, et al. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1907-21; New York: Bartleby. com, 2000 (Web) April 1, 2009.

Hiring a Plant Manager

A plant manager oversees all daily operations of a plant. He often is in charge of everything from production and manufacturing to making sure policies and procedures are followed in all departments. Supervising and motivating staff members generally are major parts of the job as well. The plant’s physical operations generally are the main responsibility of the plant manager. He is required to maintain a clean plant free of safety or health concerns.The production equipment and machinery should be meticulously cared for to avoid lapses in the manufacturing process and to ensure quality control standards are upheld. The manager of the plant may also be required to constantly monitor workers to spot any procedural infractions and correct them in a timely manner. In addition to managing daily plant functions, the manager may be responsible for creating and following a budget and preparing profit and loss projections.This requires proficiency in math and skills in creating reports and spreadsheets utilizing commercially produced and in-house software programs. The ability to interpret reports and statistics from outside agencies is also an important skill needed by a plant manager. Having a trustworthy and competent administrative staff in place helps the manager run a productive and profitable facility. From the human resources manager to the person in charge of ordering raw materials for production, the excellence of the supervisorial staff’s performance is often imperative to the overall success of the plant.The plant manager generally relies on these staff members to maintain good employee relations, quality control standards and meet production deadlines. The plant manager also may attend departmental meetings to personally address and resolve problems. Making sure his plant has a positive image in the community can be important for company morale. The plant manager may also be required to ensure the plant has a good reputation for respecting the environment and other local businesses.If he has to implement changes in physical operations or labor needs that affect local residents, having neighborhood support can be crucial. Public relations may also be a large part of a plant manager’s job. He often is the designated spokesperson if the media approaches him on any plant-related issues. The manager might be expected to intelligently and positively represent his plant as well as its goals and employees. If a debate ensues, he may be relied upon to persuasively argue his point of view on issues of importance to his company.Being able to objectively view company as well as community issues significantly helps a plant manager succeed. A bachelor’s degree in operations management or business administration is strongly preferred for most plant manager positions. Continuing education classes and seminars on project, plant and human resources management are often required once the job is secured. Experience in producti on, manufacturing or assembly management is considered an asset for plant manager job applicants.

The Significance Of Financial Literacy Skills Essay

The Significance Of Financial Literacy Skills - Essay Example With my intended motive of pursuing a major in accounting, the first and basic requirement is to develop my language peculiar to suit the subject for easy communication and achievement of organizational goals. Developing financial literacy is important in exploring the discipline of accounting which involves language and communication. Many educational institutions and curriculum setting boards such as the  New Zealand Curriculum  attach great importance to literacy skills and they mainly emphasize on literacy development. Some of the learning outcomes for accounting students in New Zealand include the acquisition of accounting specialist vocabulary; ability to read and understand accounting text and terms; ability to communicate ideas and knowledge using accounting language; and ability to listen and read critically, and assess the value of what one hears or reads. Accounting has its own specialist terms and vocabulary which are used to disseminate accounting-specific knowledge.   For instance, company financial statements tell the story of any business using numbers and they substitute words. As a result, accounting is defined as the global language of business. For this reason, literacy development is important in reading and understanding accounting theories and concepts successfully from almost every part of the world. For example, the use of accounting language by students encourages increased competency and confidence in written, oral, and visual literacy activities. Additionally, understanding accounting language avoids confusion that may arise from accounting categories of words that could have different meanings in other subjects. Through accounting literacy development, students can manage to avoid misunderstandings when using everyday life words within the accounting context. A good example is the word capital. When used in the everyday context of a capital city, the meaning refers to the largest city.

Natural Cocaine Production in Plants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Natural Cocaine Production in Plants - Essay Example The coca plant has similar biochemical properties as those that produce alkaloids. The coca plant belongs to a group of plants with natural alkaloids, or nitrogen-containing compounds that produce diverse effects on the physiology of humans. The alkaloid compounds in these plants are proven to have strong pharmacological effects on people and are known to contain nicotine, caffeine, quinine, morphine, atropine, strychnine, and the illegal stimulant compound cocaine. The plants that contain alkaloids include the Solanaceae or potato family, the Brassicaceae or mustard family, and the Erythroxylaceae or coca family, to which the coca plant belongs. The close relatedness of these plants is not only justified by the fact that they all contain alkaloid compounds but also by the fact that they had a common ancestor around 120 million years ago and that the alkaloid compounds that they contain obey similar biochemical pathways. The significance of this fact is that if one were to uncover th e details of the natural synthesis of cocaine, then it is possible to study it from the point of view of the other plants to which the coca plant is related (How Plants Make Cocaine, 2012). In the experiment conducted by researchers of the Max Planck Institute, in order to understand better how protein is naturally made by the coca plant, the synthesis of alkaloids in a particular species of the Solanaceae family was compared with the biochemical synthesis of cocaine in the coca plant (Secrets of Natural Cocaine Production Revealed, 2012).

Potential and Possible Consequences of Systemic Financial Crisis Essay

Potential and Possible Consequences of Systemic Financial Crisis - Essay Example The paper now outlines the principal theoretical approaches to the financial crisis. The first two sections cover, respectively, the concept of contagious runs on financial institutions and markets, and the aspects of financial regulation, which seek to protect against such events. I then assess two 'traditional' views of the financial crisis, which attempt to explain exclusively the totality of financial crises, namely the financial fragility and monetarist approaches. These are followed by more recent paradigms, which seek to clarify the mechanisms involved in crises, namely uncertainty, credit rationing, asymmetric information/agency costs, and aspects of the dynamics of dealership markets. It is important, to begin with, an argument of contagious runs since they are the principal identifying factor for crises. Of all the types of risks to banks, the focus here is on liquidity risk, which is the inability to obtain funding to finance operations, though it may be linked to interest -rate and credit risk. Although most of the analysis covers banks, these concepts can also be applied to other financial institutions and even securities markets. Any event, however extraneous, but including runs on or insolvency of other banks can according to Diamond and Dybvig (1983), provoke such runs. Such an effect might be particularly potent for banks, which are creditors of the bank in distress. Runs are also likely when the equity of banks is a small proportion of balance-sheet totals, as depositors' fears of moral hazard increase, assuming managers' actions cannot be perfectly monitored (L. J. White 1989). And, more generally, in the presence of asymmetric information, which arises from banks' creation of non-marketable assets, runs may be triggered by any event that makes depositors change their beliefs about banks' riskiness.  Ã‚  

Malham Field Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Malham Field - Lab Report Example Common helminth parasites present included cestodes and trematodes. The rodents served as either intermediate or definitive host of the parasites. Examination of human faecal for the parasites yielded related parasites in terms of their biology and pathogenesis. Parasites prevalence correlated with rodent sex in addition to the rodent weight or length. Females harboured more parasites than males and a single host could have multiple infections of different endoparasites. In our results common parasites population we found include; Graphidium strigosum, Cittotaenia lobata, Passalurus spp. and Taenia pisiformis in rabbit (O. cuniculis and in wood mouse, Heligsomoides spp., Plagiorchis spp, Syphacea and Capillaria spp. Rainfall data for the period coinciding with the collection of the parasite data was also gathered to assess the influence of seasonal changes in weather against the parasites population. A comparison of the biology of endoparasites fauna present in the rodents in Malham Tarn and gastrointestinal parasites of humans was also undertaken. DNA extraction from Cittotaenia lobata (tapeworm) using affinity methods where DNA was allowed to bind to a membrane and then eluted using appropriate buffer was done. The purity of the recovered DNA was determined by taking absorbance at 260 nm and at 280 nm and comparing the ratio to the known ratio of pure DNA which is 1.8 Table of Contents Summary 2 List of figures 4 List of tables 7 Acknowledgement 8 1.INTRODUCTION: 9 1.1.Brief background to site: Malham Tarn 9 1.2.Aims/objectives of field course 9 1.3.Summary of host and parasite fauna from Malham via available literature/references; common parasites in woodmice, rabbits 9 1.4.Gastrointestinal parasites of humans; common parasites in underdeveloped regions; possible comparative biology for Malham parasites species 11 1.5.Importance of diagnostic tests in humans and veterinary parasitology, relative importance/usefulness of different approaches e.g. microscopy c oprotests, serology, PCR 13 2.MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 2.1.Microscopy 14 2.2.Preparation/staining blood films, thin smear faeces 14 2.3.Trapping rodents 14 2.4.Dissections; 14 2.4.1.Examination and dissection of rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) 14 2.4.2.Examination and dissection of wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) 16 2.5.Parasites Data Collection 16 2.6.Data Analysis 17 2.7.DNA extraction and concentration, protein evaluation 17 3.RESULTS: 18 3.1.Apodemus (wood mouse) parasites levels found in after dissection rabbit 23 3.2.Parasites levels found in wood mouse after dissection 30 3.3.DNA extraction and purity on OD280/260 convert to ug/ml 48 4.DISCUSSION: 49 REFERENCE 51 List of figures Figure 1: histogram showing the distribution of Graphidium parasites in rabbit host sampled between 1992 and 2011 in Malham Tarn area 24 Figure 2: Prevalence of Graphidium infections from 1992-2011 25 Figure 3: Histogram showing T. pisiformis parasites population from 1992-2011. Parasites populations was highest in 1999 as can been seen above. 26 Figure 4: Prevalence of Taenia pisiformis population from 1992-2011 at Malham Tarn 27 Figure 5: histogram showing mean Passalurus infections from 1992-2011 27 Figure 6: Line graph showing the prevalence level of Passalurus parasites among rabbit hosts from 1992 to 2011 28 Figure 7: Histogram of the mean Cittotaenia intensity from 1992 to 2011 28 Figure 8: Prevalence of Cittotaenia infections from 1992 to 2011 29 Figure 9: Histogram showing the changes in Trichostrongylus population from 1992 to 2011 29 Figure 10: Graph of the prevalence of Trichostrongylus parasites from 1992 to 2011 30 Figure 11: The graph shows the mean Heligmosomoides parasites found in wood

Motivation based on the Video Case.Dick Learns About Tipping Case Study

Motivation based on the Video .Dick Learns About Tipping - Case Study Example It can either be positive or negative. In the video, Dick Solomon promises the waitress that there is one pile of one dollar bills and calls it ‘potential tip’(stimulant). This indicates that the tip will not just be unleashed for the normal service but for satisfactory service (the desire). He then tells the waitress that if he is pleased, the pile of the tip grows (positive reinforcement). Otherwise if unsatisfied, the pile shrinks (negative stimulus). As the waitress places the drinks on the table, she serves Mary the Dick’s drunk and vice versa. At that point, Dick interchanges the drinks and goes further to penalize the waitress for that mistake as they earlier agreed. The waitress does not know the salad dressings and again the pile shrinks. On bringing the dressings, the first one doesn’t appeal Dick and he goes on to deduct the tip but on tasting the second one, he finds it nice and adds some more bills to the tip. The waitress now more enthusiastic comes with two alternatives of what the two would have for dinner. Dick is dissatisfied by the options and decides to reduce the tip. At that point the waitress reactions show displeasure (the undesirable behavior). The expectancy theory assumes that people will perform better when they believe money will follow effective performance (Spector, p. 235-257). If money has a positive value for an individual, higher performance is expected (the waitress is happy when a tip is proposed). For a staff, outcomes are outcomes that are highly valued and high expectations will direct a person to make greater effort in the task (depicted by the waitress enthusiasm). In this video, Dick’s strategy was not successful. This is depicted where Mary has to come in between Dick and the waitress to be a reconciler. Mary decides to pay the meals as she saw that both Dick and the waitress were unpleased by each other. To increase the success of his attempts to motivate the waitress, Dick could hav e employed the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory explains how goal setting importantly relates to job performance. It states that clear and challenging goals with feedback lead to better job performance (Locke, Edwin, & Gary, p388). Goals give direction of what is expected thus indicates the efforts required. In this scenario of Dick, he could have stated from the word go what he specifically wanted. He ordered the drinks well without waiting for the waiter to suggest for him the variety of drinks they served. Similarly, he could have done so for the meal. In so doing, it would have been easier for the waitress to serve them efficiently because the goals are specific, clear, and realistic. The waitress serving her clients was an enough motivator for her to see her clients (Dick and Mary) satisfied. Again, if Dick’s feedback was appropriate as it is advocated for in this theory, the waitress could have served them better. After the waitress mentioned the type of m eal they offered, Dick just rushed to reducing the tip. Instead, he could have explained his displeasure and could have been served well. Tommy and Harry’s behavior was influenced by equity and reinforcement theories. Equity theory advocates the principle of balance, fairness and justice. Ones motivational level is thus measured against his level of perception of equity. In our case, when Tommy is standing he receives tips from two passersby while Harry who is sited receives from one passerby. On realizing this,

Conducting Scholarly Research Essay Example for Free

Conducting Scholarly Research Essay Conducting Scholarly Research The following tutorials and information are mandatory, though no assignment is required to be submitted. The skills developed in these tutorials will be used throughout the nursing program. Evaluating the resources you use One of the major challenges today, with the sheer amount of information available at your fingertips via the Web, is determining the reliability of the information presented. It can be quite difficult to determine the quality, authenticity, and authority of the information you encounter. However, there are a number of tools and skills at your disposal that help to determine if the information you find is trustworthy and of academic quality. Watch the Evaluating Websites tutorial to learn more about how to determine the quality of information found on the Web. Review the tutorial: â€Å"Evaluating Websites,† located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/evaluatingWebTutorial/vp02.swf What makes a resource scholarly? Throughout your courses at GCU you will be encouraged to use scholarly resources to support your assignments and discussion questions. But what is a scholarly source? Simply put, a scholarly source is a resource or research created, published, and or written by scholars and professionals in a specific discipline. In addition, a scholarly source should have undergone rigorous fact checking and peer review to ensure the research and information presented is of strong academic quality. The bulk of scholarly resources can be found in books and academic and/or professional journals. A large majority of these are research based. A scholar or professional may publish articles in other resources, such as in magazines, newspapers, and even Web sites and blogs. However, these sources do not go through the rigorous fact checking that is expected from scholarly journals. This rigorous fact checking is called peer review. When a scholar or professional submits their article to be published the journal will send the article to another expert in the field to review the work. The reviewer will look to see that the quality is high, the research sound, and the  conclusions in line with the work presented. If it is approved, it will then be published in the journal. This process gives students like you the added confidence in the resource being used. How to find Scholarly Research The Web is filled with information and resources. It is possible to find scholarly articles and research on the Web. However, most will ask that you pay a fee to read the article. The GCU library has subscribed to a number of the journals so that you do not need to pay to read the research. These journals and articles are contained in collections called Databases. Some are multidisciplinary, but most are specific to a subject area. For instance, in nursing, the strongest databases include CINAHL, OVID, and the ProQuest Nursing Allied Health Source. These can be found on the Nursing subject page in the GCU library. Watch the â€Å"GCU Library Walk Through Tutorial† to learn how to access the library and its vast resources. The â€Å"GCU Library Walk Through Tutorial† is located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/libraryWalkThrough/vp02.swf Watch the CINAHL Tutorial to learn more about how to specifically use this nursing specific database. Pay special attention to the section discussing subject headings. Learning to use tools like these will help you design effective search strategies and significantly reduce the time and frustration that comes with research. The CINAHL Tutorial is located at http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/CINAHLTutorial/vp02.swf The GCU library has a number of Librarians and staffed trained specifically to assist you with your research. Please contact them if you have questions or concerns with finding information. They can help walk you through the technical aspects of using a database and assist in developing search strategies that will enable you to find the information you need. Call them at 800.800.9776 ext. 6396641 or email them at using the form at http://library.gcu.edu/AskALibrarian Scholarly Writing Writing will be a large part of the work expected in this program. Scholarly writing can often be intimidating, but there are a number of resources GCU has provided to ease this strain and help you learn to write good scholarly papers. A key to scholarly writing is using evidence to support your arguments. The skills you learn as a researcher will aid you in your writing. The purpose of education is to build your knowledge and the purpose of academia is to contribute to and build the knowledge of the culture as a whole. By taking the research and writings of others and evaluating and adding it as essential pieces of your own research, you then move the knowledge of both yourself and the community to the next step. To enable this process, it is essential to cite where the information is found that is used in your papers. This is why scholars use citation styles, such as APA, to standardize how this is done and allow others to easily follow from where the information has come. This is, of course, in addition to the ethical reasons that argue that one should be acknowledged for the work that is done. Watch the tutorials below to learn more about scholarly writing and what resources are available to you. The Writing Center, located in the Student Success Center Writing in APA Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/mediaElement/apa-6th-edition-tutorial/apa-6th-edition-tutorial-v1.1.html Plagiarism Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/plagiarismVideo/vp02.swf LoudCloud Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/studentWTCTutorial/vp02.swf The Writing Process Tutorial http://tutorials.gcumedia.com/writingProcessTutorial/vp02.swf The Center for Learning Advancement has a number of staff and tutors available to assist you in your academic writing. In addition they have a number of resources available at the click of a button. Find out more at